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1
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Nanoscience and nanotechnology

100%
Richter A., Sadowski J.
Open Physics
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2011
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vol. 9
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issue 2
263-264
2
Content available remote

The Effectiveness of Different Types of Verbal Feedback on Learning Complex Movement Tasks

81%
Niznikowski T., Sadowski J., Mastalerz A.
Human Movement
|
2013
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vol. 14
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issue 2
148-153
EN
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of different types of verbal feedback in the learning of a complex movement task. Methods. Twenty university students took part in a six-week training course learning how to correctly execute the vertical jump. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group E&P received verbal feedback on errors made during movement execution and on how to improve, Group P obtained verbal feedback only when they correctly performed the task, and Group E was provided with verbal feedback only when an error was made. Performance was measured on three separate occasions, before the training course (pre-training), one day after (post-training) and seven days after completing the course (retention) by executing the vertical jump in front of three gymnastic judges who scored their performance on a scale of 1 to 10. Jump kinematics were also measured pre-training and post-training by recording landing force and flight time on a force platform. Results. Post-hoc comparison indicated that a significant improvement in performance was observed only in the group receiving verbal feedback on errors (E). Judges’ scores received in post-training were significantly higher than those measured pre-training (10.3 %; p < 0.0003) and further increased to 14.4 % in the retention test (p < 0.0001). Judges’ scores for the groups receiving verbal feedback on errors and correctness (E&P) and only correctness (P) improved insignificantly. Conclusions. Providing too much verbal feedback when learning the vertical jump turned out to be less effective than providing limited verbal feedback only when errors were made.
3
Content available remote

Benefits of Bandwidth Feedback in Learning a Complex Gymnastic Skill

81%
Sadowski J., Mastalerz A., Niznikowski T.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 37
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issue 1
183-193
EN
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two different frequencies of feedback during the process of learning a complex gymnastic skill, the round-off salto backward tucked. Thirty male acrobats participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups: B - bandwidth feedback (n=15) or C - 100% feedback (n=15). Group B was provided with error information regarding the key elements of movement techniques only (bandwidth feedback). Our research demonstrates the advantage of augmented feedback information related to errors in the key elements. Information about errors in the key elements during learning a complex gymnastic skill prevents the gymnast from becoming overwhelmed, which promotes better motor control. These results provide support for the generalisation of bandwidth feedback principles to a complex task. Our research shows that the guidance hypothesis can also be tested in practical settings for a complex movement task.
4
Content available remote

Development of Coordination Motor Abilities (CMA) in the System of Long-Term Preparation of Athletes

81%
Lyakh V., Sadowski J., Witkowski Z.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2011
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vol. 18
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issue 3
187-191
EN
The article attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the preparation of coordination in combat sports and team games. It has been discussed: the basic principles of CMA training, complexity of coordination exercises, the duration of load and rest breaks, the systematic use of special exercises creating the most important CMA and factor of sensitivity and lateralisation in the development of CMA. The directions for further researches have been marked out.
5
Content available remote

Effect of Additional Load on Power Output during Drop Jump Training

81%
Makaruk H., Sacewicz T., Czaplicki A., Sadowski J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 26
31-37
EN
Plyometrics can be an effective way of improving power performance in many sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of additional loading on power during drop jump training. Forty-two untrained physical education students with plyometric training background participated in a six-week training 3 times a week. Subjects were randomized to one of three training groups: without (FREE) and with a weight vest (VEST; 5% body weight), and a control group (CON). Pretraining and post-training measures of concentric peak power (PP), force (Fpp) and velocity (υPP) at peak power and, in addition, time between eccentric and concentric peak power (tPPEC) were analyzed in a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a drop jump (DJ) from a height of 0.3 m. The FREE and VEST groups considerably improved PP in CMJ (p < 0.05), but υPP significantly increased (p < 0.05) and tPPEC significantly decreased (p < 0.05) only in the FREE group. The enhancement of PP and υPP was only demonstrated by the FREE group in DJ. The FREE group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the VEST group significantly increased (p < 0.05) tPPEC in DJ. It can be concluded that using additional load during drop jump training does not produce superior gains in power output when compared to a traditional drop jump training program.
6
Content available remote

Effectiveness of the Power Dry-Land Training Programmes in Youth Swimmers

81%
Sadowski J., Mastalerz A., Gromisz W., Niźnikowski T.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 32
77-86
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the dry-land power training on swimming force, swimming performance and strength in youth swimmers. Twenty six male swimmers, free from injuries and training regularly at least 6 times a week, were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of two groups: experimental (n=14, mean age 14.0 ± 0.5 yrs, mean height 1.67±0.08 m and mean body mass 55.71 ±9.55 kg) and control (n=12, mean age 14.1 ± 0.5 yrs, mean height 1.61±0.11 m and mean body mass 49.07 ±8.25 kg). The experimental group took part in a combined swimming and dry-land power training. The control group took part in swimming training only. The training programmes in water included a dominant aerobic work in front crawl. In this research the experimental group tended to present slightly greater improvements in sprint performance. However, the stroke frequency insignificantly decreased (-4.30%, p>0.05) in the experimental group and increased (6.28%, p>0.05) in the control group. The distance per stroke insignificantly increased in the experimental group (5.98%, p>0.05) and insignificantly decreased in the control group (-5.36%, p>0.05). A significant improvement of tethered swimming force for the experimental group (9.64%, p<0.02) was found, whereas the increase was not statistically significant in the control group (2.86%, p>0.05). The main data cannot clearly state that power training allowed an enhancement in swimming performance, although a tendency to improve swimming performance in tethered swimming was noticed.
7
Content available remote

The Effects Of Swimming And Dry-Land Resistance Training Programme On Non-Swimmers

71%
Sadowski J., Mastalerz A., Gromisz W., Jówko E., Buszta M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 1
35-40
EN
Introduction. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of combined swimming and dry-land resistance training on swimming force, swimming performance and strength in non-swimmers. Material and methods. Thirty male non-swimmers took part in the research. They were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: experimental (n=17) and control (n=13). The experimental group took part in combined swimming and dry-land resistance training. The control group took part in swimming training only. The swimming and dry-land resistance training programme lasted twelve weeks (48 training sessions of swimming and 36 sessions of dry-land resistance training). Average training volume and intensity were the same for all swimmers throughout the study protocol. The training programme included dominant aerobic work in front crawl. Results. Dry-land resistance training applied in the experimental group significantly improved the upper body strength. In spite of the theory that dry-land strength training is probably not specific enough to improve the sprint swim performance, the experimental group tended to demonstrate greater improvement in sprint performance. The imitation of the underwater phase of shoulder work during front crawl provided by the ergometer can be a useful training method in non-swimmers.
8
Content available remote

The Effects of Different Types of Verbal Feedback on Learning a Complex Movement Task

61%
Sadowski J., Mastalerz A., Niźnikowski T., Wiśniowski W., Biegajło M., Kulik M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2011
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vol. 18
|
issue 4
308-310
EN
Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of learning complex movement tasks with the use of different types of verbal feedback. Material and methods. Thirteen students randomly assigned to two groups (E&P=7; P=6) took part in the study. Results. In learning a movement task verbal information on errors and correctness (E&P) was more efficient than verbal information on correctness (P). Conclusion. At early stages too much information hinders the process of learning.
9
Content available remote

Biomechanical Criterions to Estimate Round-Off Tucked Performance Among Acrobats Aged 10-11

52%
Niźnikowski T., Sadowski J., Mastalerz A., Wiśniowski W., Kruczkowski D., Niźnikowska E., Biegajło M., Miller J.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2011
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vol. 18
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issue 4
296-299
EN
Introduction. The aim of the study was to carry out a biomechanical analysis of performing key elements of sports technique of the round-off tucked back somersault by acrobats aged 10-11. Material and methods. Thirty male acrobats participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). Training experiment (specially designed training program applied in the experimental group), experts' evaluation and film analysis were the methods used to evaluate effects of experiment. Results. The results of the experimental group were statistically significantly better than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. Training program based on teaching and improving key elements of technique may be recommended as one of the effective ways of teaching and improving the technique of selected acrobatic exercises of a coordinationally complex movement structure.
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