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EN
A immunohistochemical study of postnatal development of the paraclaustral reservoir of migrating cells in the rat brain was performed using anti-GFAP (for astroglia), ED1 and OX-42 (for microglia) antibodies. From birth to the 4th day of postnatal life most GFAP-positive cells in the paraclaustral reservoir are similar to transitional astroglia. From the end of the first postnatal week they have the morphology of mature astrocytes, although during the next week, their density was a slightly higher than in neighboring structures. On the 21st day, the morphology and density of astroglial cells in the ventral part of the external capsule did not differ from the surrounding regions. ED1/OX-42- positive microglial cells present in the paraclaustral reservoir during the first postnatal week represented ameboid microglia; their density was clearly higher than in the neighboring structures. During the second week they began to transform into ramified microglia and from the 21st day on, only OX-42 positive resting microglial cells were observed in the ventral part of the external capsule. We suggest that the paraclaustral reservoir is a place of accumulation of astroglia and microglia during brain development and may possibly serve as source of glial cells for neighboring structures. Alternatively, these glial populations may perform local developmental functions.
EN
We have examined the development of rat striatum for evidence of cells dying in the process of physiological cell death. In present study we have indicated apoptotic cells in sections stained with cresyl violet (cell death characterized by pyknosis) or with DNA end labeling assay (TUNEL method). Our results demonstrated that cell loss during maturation of the rat striatum had the characteristics of apoptosis rather than necrosis. The greatest number of TUNEL - positive and pyknotic cells in the striatum were found during the first postnatal days; after 7th day of postnatal life a rapid decrease of its number was observed. After the second postnatal week no TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the striatum. Our analysis suggests that apoptotic cell death occurring during the development of striatal neuronal population takes place during the first week of postnatal life.
EN
This study describes the topography, borders and divisions of the globus pallidus in the Brazilian short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) and distribution of the three calcium binding proteins, parvalbumin (PV), calbindin D-28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) in that nucleus. The globus pallidus of the opossum consists of medial and lateral parts that are visible with Nissl or Timm's staining and also in PV and CR immunostained sections. Neurons of the globus pallidus expressing these proteins were classified into three types on the basis of size and shape of their soma and dendritic tree. Type 1 neurons had medium-sized fusiform soma with dendrites sprouting from the opposite poles. Neurons of the type 2 had medium-to-large, multipolar soma with scarce, thin dendrites. Cell bodies of type 3 neurons were small and either ovoid or round. Immunostaining showed that the most numerous were neurons expressing PV that belonged to all three types. Density of the PV-immunopositive fibers and puncta correlated with the density of the PV-labeled neurons. Labeling for CB resulted mainly in the light staining of neuropil in both parts of the nucleus, while the CB-expressing cells (mainly of the type 2) were scarce and placed only along the border of the globus pallidus and putamen. Staining for calretinin resulted in labeling almost exclusively the immunoreactive puncta and fibers that were distributed with medium-to-high density throughout the nucleus. Close to the border of globus pallidus with the putamen these fibers (probably dendrites) were long, thin and varicous, while more medially bundles of thick, short and smooth fibers predominated. Single CR-ir neurons (all of the type 3) were scattered through the globus pallidus. Colocalization of two calcium binding proteins in one neuron was. never observed. The CB-ir puncta (probably terminals of axons projecting to the nucleus) frequently formed basket-like structures around the PV-ir neurons. Therefore, the globus pallidus in the opossum, much as that in the rat, consists of a heterogeneous population of neurons, probably playing diversified functions.
EN
The present paper describes parvalbumin, calbindin-D28k and calretinin immunoreactivity in the claustrum and endopiriform nucleus of adult rabbits. Studied neuronal populations are characterized by morphological heterogeneity. Four types were identified in each subpopulation of cells containing calcium binding proteins on the basis of the number of processes and their branching pattern. There were no spatial differences in the distribution of cells containing either parvalbumin or calbindin-D28k in the claustrum and endopiriform nucleus. Well documented presence of the various projective zones in the rabbit claustrum did not reflect the specific distribution of neurons containing calcium binding proteins, except those containing calretinin. Their localization may correspond with the limbic zone. We have found that the rabbit claustrum and endopiriform nucleus have different pattern of parvalbumin and calretinin immunoreactivity. The former was more intense in the claustrum and the distribution of cell types was significantly different from that in the endopiriform nucleus. Calretinin-positive cells were observed in the claustrum, while in the endopiriform nucleus they were scarce. The distribution of neither calbindin-D28k-ir neurons nor fibers allowed differentiation of claustrum and endopiriform nucleus. Significant differences between the claustrum and endopiriform nucleus observed in the rabbit might be related with ontogenetic as well as other (functional) factors.
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