Introduction: A steady increase of the incidence of colorectal cancer has been observed for over 30 years, particularly in well-developed countries. Colorectal cancer is one of the lifestyle-related neoplasms and depends on environmental factors. Aim: Aim of the study was to analyse selected clinical features of colorectal cancer patients. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 577 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer treated in the Department of Clinical Oncology in Bytom in 2006–2014. The patients were included into the study prospectively. The analysis of selected clinical, pathological and anthropometrical parameters was conducted. Results: The study group included 237 women and 341 men aged 26 to 86 years (mean age 64.3 ± 9.2 years). Primary tumours were mostly located in the colon and had histological grade 2. The surgical removal of the primary tumour was performed in 540 patients. 65 patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy, 201 – postoperative chemotherapy and 91 – postoperative radio-chemotherapy. 132 of patients obtained the first-line palliative chemotherapy. 88 of patients did not received oncological treatment. KRAS/RAS mutation were determined in 73 patients and the EGFR expression status in 53 patients. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer patients are a heterogeneous group with differential clinical, pathological and molecular features. 1. Therapeutic management of patients with colorectal cancer largely depends on its location, clinical and pathological stage, patients performance status and comorbidities. 2. Understanding the clinical features of patients with colorectal cancer becomes helpful in designing of screening, which take into account clinical profile of the patient, i.e. age, gender, comorbidities and anthropometric characteristics
INTRODUCTION: Aging is a significant problem, arising from the current demographics. The health aspects of aging are described as major geriatric problems, but an important issue is also malnutrition, especially among social welfare home residents. Malnutrition is conditioned by many factors, inter alia by multidiseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the nutritional status of SWH residents depending on comorbidities, age and sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis included 107 patients (72 women, 35 men) aged 65–99 years, residing permanently in an SWH. To assess their nutritional status, the Mini Nutritional Assessment and biometric indicators were used. Information about chronic diseases was also collected. The results were analyzed in the Statistica 10.0 program. RESULTS: Based on the data, it was found that only 22.4% of the group had a normal nutritional status, while as many as 33.7% suffered from malnutrition, and the results follow the same regardless of gender. The problem depends proportionally on the number of comorbidities and medication (p < 0.0001), whereas there was no association between poorer nutritional status and age of the patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis show that malnutrition is result of multidiseases and medicines taken, and will also have a negative impact on the process of treatment of many chronic diseases.
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WSTĘP: Starzenie jest naglącym problemem wynikającym z aktualnej demografii. Aspekty zdrowotne starzenia opisywane są jako tzw. wielkie problemy geriatrii, ale ważnym zagadnieniem dotyczącym zwłaszcza pensjonariuszy domów pomocy społecznej (DPS) jest problem niedożywienia. Jest ono uwarunkowane wieloczynnikowo, a jednym z ważnych czynników jego jest wielochorobowość. Celem pracy jest analiza stanu odżywienia pensjonariuszy DPS w zależności od chorób współistniejących, wieku i płci. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Analizą objęto 107 badanych (72 kobiety, 35 mężczyzn) w wieku 65–99 lat, przebywających na stałe pod opieką DPS. Do oceny stanu odżywienia wykorzystano kwestionariusz Mini Nutritional Assesment oraz wskaźniki biometryczne. Zebrano także wywiad dotyczący chorób przewlekłych. Wyniki analizowano w programie Statistica 10.0. WYNIKI: Prawidłowy stan odżywienia charakteryzował tylko 22,4% zbadanej populacji, natomiast aż u 33,7% stwierdzono niedożywienie. Wyniki kształtują się podobnie, niezależnie od płci. Niedożywienie zależało od liczby chorób współwystępujących i przyjmowanych leków (p < 0,0001), natomiast nie było zależności między gorszym stanem odżywienia a wiekiem badanych chorych (p > 0,05). WNIOSKI: Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że niedożywienie jest skutkiem wielochorobowości i stosowanych leków oraz może mieć negatywny wpływ na proces leczenia schorzeń przewlekłych.
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a human suppressor gene. Its protein product is a bispecific phosphatase playing the complex role in the cell cycle regulating processes and apoptosis by the mechanism of signal transduction into the cell via tyrosine kinase B signaling pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR). Reduction or loss of PTEN function is implicated in the pathogenesis of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer. A gradual decrease in the function of PTEN in the sequence of transformations: normal tissue–polyp–adenocarcinoma – disseminated cancer was indicated. The relation between the PTEN loss and the higher clinical severity of colorectal cancer was observed, i.a. higher TNM status and higher tendency to form metastases, leading in some of the studies to shortened patients survival during the observation period. The potential predictive value of the PTEN function loss for the EGFR-targeted therapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer is the subject of controversy. The potential application of PTEN assessment in clinical practice as a prognostic and/or predictive factor requires further well-designed prospective studies on larger patient population, using the unified methodology. The aim of the study is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of PTEN gene and PTEN protein in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and the role of PTEN in clinical practice.
Co-occurrence of metabolic disorders is a recognized risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer which is currently the leading cause of morbidity due to malignant neoplasms in the world. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is not well understood yet. Among the postulated neoplastic mechanisms is the activation of insulin-like growth factors, with both epidemiological and clinical observations of their role. In this paper, the authors synthesize the current knowledge about the importance of activation of insulin-like growth factors in the development of colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. It is still characterized by high mortality and causes ¼ of deaths due to neoplasms. Synchronous cancer is defined as presence of more than one cancer focus (not metastatic) in a patient at the same time. Prevalence of synchronous cancer amounts to 1.1–8.1% of all colorectal carcinomas. More often it affects elderly people and men. Risk factors include inflammatory bowel diseases, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis. Molecular mechanisms underlying the synchronous lesions are: microsatellite instability (MSI), P53 and KRAS mutations as well as glutathione S transferase mutations (GST). In this article, we present a case of a 76-year-old woman with synchronous colorectal cancer in the form of tumors of the sigmoid colon and the ascending colon with metastasis in the liver.
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