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Photocatalytic Properties of Mechanochemically Synthesized Nanocrystalline ZnAl_2O_4 and CdSe

100%
Kostova N., Eliyas A., Fabián M., Achimovičová M., Baláž P.
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vol. 126
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issue 4
967-970
EN
Nanocrystalline powders of ZnAl_2O_4 and CdSe were prepared via mechanochemical synthesis. Powder slurries were coated as thin films on SiO_2 thin layer chromatography (TLC) sheet by capillary method. The photocatalytic activity of the film coating was tested in a self-made gas-phase flat-plate continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor with toluene as model air contaminant. The tested nanocrystalline ZnAl_2O_4 turned out to be poor oxidation photocatalyst under UV irradiation. CdSe displays considerable photocatalytic activity under visible light, where TiO_2 is inactive. The nonconventional one-step mechanochemical route to ZnAl_2O_4 and CdSe synthesis offers several advantages compared to traditional processing routes, including low-temperature solid state reactions at ambient temperature, absence of organic templates contamination and low expenses.
2
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Mechanochemistry of Solids: New Prospects for Extractive Metallurgy, Materials Science and Medicine

100%
Baláž P., Baláž M., Achimovičová M., Bujňáková Z., Dutková E.
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vol. 126
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issue 4
879-883
EN
In this review paper recent advances in chalcogene mechanochemistry are described. Three selected areas are being covered, i.e. metallurgy, materials science, and medicine. In extractive metallurgy, the processing of copper arsenic mineral enargite (Cu_3AsS_4) with the aim of its dearsenification and subsequent preparation of a new anticancer drug (Na_3AsS_4) and of copper in nanocrystalline state ( ≈ 20 nm) illustrate the non-traditional prospect of ore treatment. In material science, the new nanocrystalline semiconductors were synthesized mechanochemically, e.g. selenides of zinc and lead (ZnSe, PbSe) and bismuth sulphide (Bi_2S_3). Metal and chalcogene were applied as reaction precursors. In some cases, the amino acids (cystine, cysteine) were applied as sulphur precursor, in order to provide reactive sites on synthesized solid (PbS) for bioconjugation and to prevent agglomeration. The concept of nanomilling is described as a way to prepare effective substances for cancer treatment in medicine. In vitro activity of realgar (As_4S_4) as an example is described. In all three areas the focus is aimed also on industrial applications where suitable large-scale mills are described. The described examples represent the contemporary aim of mechanochemists - to prepare substances with the desired properties in a reproducible way under easy-operating, environmentally friendly and essentially waste-free conditions.
3
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Study of the Mechanochemical Reduction of Ilmenite Concentrate by Addition of Aluminum

86%
Achimovičová M., Gock E., Turianicová E., Kostova N., Velinov N., Kaňuchová M., Baláž P.
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vol. 126
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issue 4
867-870
EN
Mechanochemical reduction of ilmenite concentrate (FeTiO_{3}) with elemental aluminum powder was performed by high-energy milling in an industrial eccentric vibratory ball mill ESM 656-0.5 ks (Siebtechnik, Germany). The mechanochemically reduced ilmenite with various times of milling was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, which confirmed the presence of the Al_2O_3 and Fe_2Ti phases after 120 min of milling. Thermal analysis evidenced the completion of a mechanochemical reduction during milling. After 360 min of milling, the Fe_2Ti phase decomposed to α-(Fe,Ti) alloy, which was proven by ^{57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detected the amorphous TiO phase in product after mechanochemical reduction, which is in accordance with thermodynamic prediction. Decreasing of specific surface area after 60 min of milling resulted from growing layers of the solid products of FeTiO_3 mechanochemical reduction.
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