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Structural asymmetry of foot arch formation in early school-age children

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Stodółka J., Stodółka W., Maćkała K.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 7
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issue 1
EN
Study aim: the purpose of the study was to compare foot shapes in early school-age boys and girls. Material and methods: the study included 90 boys and 98 girls aged seven to nine years old. The shape of the foot arch was examined using a podoscope. The longitudinal arch was assessed according to the Clarke angle value on the basis of Kasperczyk’s classification. The transverse arch was assessed according to the Wejsflog index. An analysis of variance, a post-hoc LSD test and a chi-square test were performed. Results: normal transverse arches in both feet appeared in 84% of the examined children. An analysis of the average value of the Wejsflog index showed that it is similar and within limits in all of the test groups indiscriminately when it comes to gender and age. Normally, longitudinal arches in both feet occurr in 44% of children. The average value of Clarke’s index in a test group of school-age girls was within normal range while a functionally flattened foot appeared in the case of seven and eight-year-old boys. Conclusions: the outcomes of the present study conducted on a randomly chosen group of developing boys and girls show that changes in foot structure are mostly symmetrical in nature (almost 90%), meaning that if the left foot is normal, the right one is normal, too. Gender had no effect on the foot build or arch type in either foot. The right and left feet showed symmetrical structure in the majority of the children.
2
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The Predictors of Falls in Adult and Senior Women from Cities of Lower Silesia, Poland

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Domaradzki A., Ignasiak Z., Stodółka W.
Human Movement
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 2
86-92
EN
Purpose. balance disorders are considered a significant problem in the elderly as they are associated with an increased incidence of falls. In effect, they can lead to numerous injuries, disability, or even death. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between the risk of falling and various factors (morphology, socioeconomic status, physical fitness, and physical activity level) in adult and elderly women. Methods. The study population sample included 149 women aged 47-89 years living in the province of Lower Silesia, Poland. The women were divided into two age groups of younger (n =83,3cage = 59.09 years) and older (n = 66, xage = 70.77 years) participants. Measures included bMI, marital status, and physical activity, physical fitness, and education levels. Statistical analysis included a chi-squared (%2) test, cluster analysis, logistic regression, and correspondence analysis. Results. bMI and physical fitness were strongly correlated with falls: the higher the bMI (overweight or obese) and the lower physical fitness, the greater the risk of falling. The remaining variables showed a weak relationship with falling. Conclusions. The fall risk of women who are overweight or obese or with a low physical fitness level is approximately 2.5 times higher than those with normal and healthy levels of bMI and physical fitness. The presence of both risk factors increased the likelihood of falling.
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THE APPLICABILITY OF USING PARAMETERS OF THE AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION IN THE ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN BALANCE DURING QUIET BIPENDAL STANCE

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Stodółka J., Korzewa L., Stodółka W., Gambal J.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2017
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vol. 17
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issue 1
79-87
EN
The purpose of the study was to analyze the parameters of the autocorrelation function when assessing time series ground reaction force (GRF) signals during quiet standing. GRF in the three directions were recorded on two Kistler force plates during three 15-s trials in a sample of 82 (31 females and 51 males) participants. Autocorrelation was performed on the GRF data and four parameters characterizing the function were computed. Comparisons of the right- and left-foot parameter means showed significant differences in mediolateral GRF for the time of the function's decay to 0, magnitude of the derivative output, and mean decay velocity to the extremum. Significant correlations were observed among all parameters – weak correlations between the time of the function's decay to 0 and the time to the first extremum and strong correlations between the derivative output and mean decay velocity to the extremum. The analyzed autocorrelation function parameters can serve as a precise measure of the motor control process during quiet standing. The strong correlations observed between the four parameters indicate that they evaluate similar properties of the central nervous system as a regulator of balance maintenance.
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