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EN
The crystallography and microstructure of eutectic carbides crystallizing in non-equilibrium conditions in hypoeutectic Fe24Cr0.8C have been studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The alloy was synthesized in an arc furnace in high purity argon atmosphere and crystallized on water-cooled copper mould. Greater thermal gradient in regions close to water-cooled, copper mould in comparison with top of the ingot gives a formation of eutectic carbides with two morphologies: large polygonal carbides and surrounding them much smaller, plate-like carbides instead of rod-like carbides, observed in top of the ingot. There was no evidence for influence of non-equilibrium crystallization to the formation of types of carbides different than M₂₃C₆.
EN
A key role of oligosaccharides in biological processes becoming more obvious every day. An increasing interest in this group of biomolecules is related to their broad spectrum of applications, i.e. in food, feed and pharmaceutical industries, in cosmetics and medicine. Efficient, full-scale processes that allow to produce different types of these oligomers are of graet importance. Biocatalysis is considered very attractive in comparison to the non specific, time-consuming and often environmental unfriendly chemical technologies of oligosaccharide production. Two groups of enzymes are involved in this process, transferases and glycosidase. This review describes oligosaccharide synthesis through the reactions of transfer, transglycosylation and reverse hydrolysis.
EN
A series of GaInAs/InP heterostructures was grown by liquid phase epitaxy. The heterostructures were characterized by magnetotransport measurements carried out down to 1.8 K and up 10 T. The results demonstrate the existence of the high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in the narrow-gap GaInAs as well as the presence of residual conductance through the InP buffer layer.
EN
A new application of the Optically Detected Cyclotron Resonance (ODCR) is presented. We report impact ionization studies of bound exciton: (BE) and shallow donor related recombination processes in Ga_{0.47}In_{0.53}As. An appearance of chaotic oscillations in photoluminescence (PL) intensity is observed under condition of impact ionization of deeper donors.
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EN
A multiferroic tunnel junction (MFTJ) is a promising device for future memory systems with discrete and different logic states which are controlled by a combination of electric and magnetic fields. The goal of ongoing research is to present ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, especially at room temperature (RT), represented as high values of tunnel electroresistance (TER) and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR). A key aspect is the appropriate preparation of a sample allowing epitaxial growth. The thin layers were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on atomically smooth monocrystalline SrTiO₃ (STO) substrates. The ferromagnetic metal layers La_{0.67}Sr_{0.33}MnO₃ (LSMO) are separated by a layer of a ferroelectric insulator - BaTiO₃ (BTO). The same structure of LSMO, BTO and STO (perovskite) and a similar lattice constant make it possible to obtain high-quality heterostructures. Magnetic measurements confirm differences in the magnetic coercivity of the top and bottom LSMO layer, which allows to obtain their parallel and antiparallel magnetization orientation. A modification of the interfaces of BTO by thin MgO layer enables an increase in the value of the TER effect.
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