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Kosmos
|
2007
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1-2
99-106
EN
Dendrimers are hyper branched and three-dimensional polymers. They possess many interesting biological, photophysical and chemical properties. It is shown that dendrimers can be used as fluorescence sensors in analytical tests to detect different metal ions (also lanthanide) and can be considered as modern and very sensitive bioindicators. These polymers could be also applied as chelators of metal ions of potential application in environmental protection. Metallodendrimers (metal-containing dendrimers) could be used in modern biomedical sciences, for example in radiotherapy or clinical imaging. The interaction of PAMAM dendrimers with metal ions may underlie the development of modern analytical or diagnostic techniques and high efficiency environmental protection technologies.
EN
Life is a flux of matter, energy and information. Most compounds must remain in a reduced state in the stream. Living organisms use two sources of energy. Autotrophs utylise solar energy while heterotrophs make use of energy released from food oxidation. In the animated world, the turnover of matter is always accompanied by turnover of energy. Oxygen, which is an element indispensable for life of most organisms (aerobes), participates in these processes. In order to provide organisms with appropriate amounts of oxygen, appropriate adaptation mechanisms have evolved, enabling a continuous supply of this gas to cells. One mechanism is the vascular system, accompanied, at the molecular level, by the appearance of an oxygen-carrying respiratory proteins (e.g. hemoglobin, hemocyanin etc.).
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Adaptacja homeowiskotyczna ryb

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EN
Homeowiscous adaptation is a common phenomenon observed in poikilotherms which remain active at different temperatures. It is usually caused by changes in fatty acids pool in cellular membranes, what enable to maintain the physical structure of their membranes within tolerable limits. The increased unsaturaition of membrane lipids has as its basis some changes in activity of the appropriate enzymes. Fluctuations in fluidity of membrame lipids activate transcription of the genes for the suitable enzymes.
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