Elevated expression of c-fos mRNA and/or its protein (c-Fos) has been repeatly observed following activation of brain cells with various stimuli.As a consequence it has been proposed that elevated c-fos expression may serve as a merker of neuronal activation reflecting a prediposal to a long-term changes in cell functioning (neuronal plasticity).It studies on copulatory behaviour of male animals, elevated Fos immunoreactivity (related most probably to c-Fos) has been used by many researchers as a tool to reveal functional neuroanatomy of the behaviour.They found that brain regions such as medial preoptic area (MPOA), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), medial amygdala (MeAm) and central tegmental field (CTF) are always activated in a copulation-dependent manner in various species (rats and hamsters were the most often studied in this regard).This paper reviews the data gathered in this field, and discusses them in the context of the role of elevated Fos expression in acquisition vs. performance of the sexual behaviour.
Hyperthermia treatment is the heating of tumor tissue up to temperatures between 41°C and 45°C, which trigger several physiological reactions in the body. Hyperthermia within tissue can be applied through various mechanisms. One of them is magnetic hyperthermia which uses superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) heated by an externally applied magnetic field. SPIONs can also be used as sonosensitizers in ultrasound hyperthermia increasing acoustic wave attenuation. The impact of SPION concentration on thermal effect during ultrasonic and magnetic hyperthermia was investigated in agar-gel phantom with added magnetite nanoparticles. The presence of nanoparticles in the tissue-mimicking phantom increases the thermal losses of ultrasound energy and temperature of the phantom.