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Does senile impairment of cholinergic system in rats concern only disturbances in cholinergic phenotype or the progressive degeneration of neuronal cell bodies?

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Niewiadomska G., Wyrzykowska J., Chechłacz M.

2000

vol. 47

issue 2

313-330

The trophic effect of continuous intraventricular infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) on morphology of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons was tested in 4- and 28-month-old male Wistar rats. All studies were conducted using behaviorally uncharacterized animals from the same breeding colony. Immunohistochemical procedure for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and p75NTR receptor has been applied to identify cholinergic cells in the structures of basal forebrain (BF). Using a quantitative image analyzer, morphometric and densitometric parameters of ChAT- and p75NTR-positive cells were measured immediately after cessation of NGF infusion. In 28-month-old non-treated rats the number of intensively ChAT-positive cells in all forebrain structures was reduced by 50-70% as compared with young animals. The remaining ChAT-positive cells appeared shrunken and the neuropil staining was markedly reduced. In contrast, the same neurons when stained for p75NTR were numerous and distinctly visible with perfect morphology. Analysis of Nissl stained sections also showed that 28-month-old rats did not display significant losses of neuronal cell bodies. NGF restored the number of intensely stained ChAT-positive cells to about 90% of that for young controls and caused a significant increase in size of those cells in 28-month-old rats as compared with the control, age-matched group. NGF did not influence the morphology of p75NTR-positive neurons, which were well labeled, irrespective of treatment and age of the rats. In 4-month-old rats, NGF infusion decreased the intensity of both ChAT and p75NTR immunostaining. These data provide some evidence for preservation of BF cholinergic neurons from atrophy during aging and indicate that senile impairment of the cholinergic system in rats concerns decrease in ChAT-protein expression rather than an acute degeneration of neuronal cell bodies. Treatment with NGF resulted in restoration of cholinergic phenotype in the BF neurons of aged rats. However, the present study also rises issue of possible detrimental effects of NGF in young normal animals.

Wzmożona aktywność fizyczna jako terapia wspomagająca w chorobie Parkinsona - badania u ludzi i zwierząt

100%

Pałasz E., Bąk A., Niewiadomska G.

Kosmos

2016

vol. 65

issue 3

351-360

Choroba Parkinsona (PD) należy do zwyrodnieniowych schorzeń ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, którego podstawowym objawem są zaburzenia motoryczne, będące konsekwencją degeneracji neuronów dopaminergicznych drogi nigrostriatalnej. Złożone podłoże choroby sprawia, że jej etiologia jest nadal niewyjaśniona. Dostępne formy leczenia łagodzą jedynie objawy choroby, przy czym skuteczność ich działania maleje wraz z rozwojem choroby. Z tego względu niezwykle ważne jest poszukiwanie nowych form terapii wspomagających leczenie farmakologiczne. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat wpływu treningu fizycznego na łagodzenie objawów choroby Parkinsona. Na podstawie wyników badań przeprowadzonych u ludzi i w zwierzęcych modelach PD stwierdzono, że wzmożona aktywność fizyczna stosowana długotrwale poprawia wzorce zachowań ruchowych, oraz wzmacnia proces angiogenezy, synaptogenezy i neurogenezy w mózgu. Wpływa również na podwyższenie poziomu czynników neurotroficznych. Spośród znanych obecnie form aktywności fizycznej wspomagających łagodzenie objawów PD wymienia się przede wszystkim ćwiczenia oddechowe, chodu i równowagi, ćwiczenia wzmacniające, rozciągające, relaksacyjne, Tai Chi oraz taniec.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which progressive deterioration of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway leads to motor disturbances. The underlying etiology responsible for the pathological changes observed in PD is still unclear. Currently available treatments are only symptomatic, and their effectiveness decreases with the progression of the disease. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to search for new forms of therapy which may accompany pharmacological treatment. Therefore the aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge concerning the impact of physical activity on the reduction of PD symptoms. Based on the results of studies performed in human and animal models of PD, it has been shown that long-term increased physical activity improves behavioural patterns of movement, and enhances angiogenesis, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the brain. It also affects the activation of signaling pathways of neurotrophic factors. The forms of physical activity which are currently known to provide relief for the symptoms of PD are - breathing exercises, gait and balance exercises, strengthening exercises, stretching, relaxation, Tai Chi and dancing.

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1 Acta Biochimica Polonica

1 Kosmos

1 2016

1 2000

2 Niewiadomska G.

1 Bąk A.

1 Chechłacz M.

1 Pałasz E.

1 Wyrzykowska J.

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Does senile impairment of cholinergic system in rats concern only disturbances in cholinergic phenotype or the progressive degeneration of neuronal cell bodies?

Wzmożona aktywność fizyczna jako terapia wspomagająca w chorobie Parkinsona - badania u ludzi i zwierząt