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1

Kinematic analysis of the kick start from OSB12

100%

Matúš I., Kandráč R.

Physical Activity Review

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2020

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vol. 2

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issue 8

86-96

EN

Introduction: Start performance in swimming plays a major role in determining the final standings, especially in sprint races. The purpose of the study was to determine kinematic parameters underlying the kick start from OSB12 in terms of the kick plate position and shoulder positioning at the start. Material and methods: The sample included 8 non-randomly recruited performance-level swimmers whose average age, body height, and body weight was 17.4 ± 1.8 years, 182.2 ± 3.4 cm and 81.00 ± 3.9 kg, respectively. To measure the kinematic parameters, we used the SwimPro camera system. The parameter rs measured included angular parameters and kinematic parameters for each of the start phases: block phase, flight phase, and water phase. We processed the collected biomechanical data using the Statistica 12.0 software. To determine significant differences between the kick plate positions in three types of start, we applied the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: We found significant differences (p<0.05) in the selected kinematic parameters in all phases, which depended on the OSB12 kick plate position and basic starting position (front-, neutral-, and rear-weighted). The greatest differences in the parameters measured were found between the front-weighted start and rearweighted start. We may conclude that performance-level swimmers should adjust the rear kick plate to positions 3 and 4 and assume the following starting position: front knee angle between 131° and 133°, rear knee angle around 80°, and trunk angle between 40° and 41°. This starting position affects the flight phase, namely takeoff angle (40⁰-41⁰), head position at takeoff (1.33-1.38 m), flight time and distance (0.346-0.368 s; 2.74-2.79 m), entry angle (38⁰). The starting position also affects the glide phase, namely the glide time and distance (0.532-0.536 s; 2.22-2.26 m) and maximum depth (-0.91-0.92 m). Conclusions: The results of the study show that swimmers produced shorter times to 5 meters and higher velocity at 5 meters compared with other starting positions and OSB12 kick plate positions.

2

The comparison of selected lifestyle variables of first-year students at two universities in Košice

81%

Bakalár P., Matúš I., Hančová M.

Physical Activity Review

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2016

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vol. 4

192-199

EN

The objective of the presented paper was to compare the selected variables of lifestyle in first - year students at two universities in Košice. The research sample group consisted of the first - year students of the P. J. Šafá rik University in Košice (UPJŠ, n=918, 651 women and 267 men) and the Technical University in Košice (TUKE, n=653, 239 women and 414 men). We compiled our own test battery named “The risk factors of obesity and its prevention through physical activity” and administered it to students at the beginning of the respective academic years (September 2012 and September 2013). Presented paper focuses on questions related to: the students' satisfaction with their lifestyle, students expressing a need to change their lifestyle, frequency of structured physical activity, motivation to engage in structured physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and a structure of leisure activities. To process the collected data, we used the statistical software R. To test the signific ance of differences between the universities we used the Wilcoxon rank - sum test. N o significant difference between the universities was found on variables indicating the satisfaction with lifestyle. The most repeated lifestyle components that students of b oth universities would like to change were physical activity and dietary habits. These data reflect the findings that in the last half year over 61.5 % of UPJŠ students and 48.9 % of TUKE students were engaged in structured physical activity either irregul arly or they were not engaged in any structured physical activity at all. Another analysis of significant difference (p<0.001) between the two universities was employed to indicate the frequency with which students engaged in structured physical activity. The analysis revealed a higher frequency in students of TUKE. The analysis also confirmed that the gender of a respondent had a greater influence on that difference than the university they attended. The students of both universities indicated that figure (appearance), enjoyment, health and physical fitness were the main motivators for structured physical activity. The difference between the universities, with regard to variables indicating the time which students spent engaged in sedentary behaviours was s ignificant (p<0.001) during both working days and weekend days, where gender had no influence on this difference. Sedentary behaviours prevailed among the most common leisure activities in students of both universities. At the beginning of their university studies, lifestyle of a large number of first - year students at the two universities is characterized by the low level of engagement in structured physical activity and by sedentary leisure activities, with the existing differences between genders and the universities.

3

Physical Activity of University St udents with Various Study Profile

81%

Masaryková D., Labudová J., Matúš I.

Physical Activity Review

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2016

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vol. 4

107-114

EN

Introduction. The current problem of physical inactivity in population is analysed by professionals in various age categories. One of the groups, not that often observed, are university s tudents, who should be able to present their attitude to regular physical activity as well as its contribution to healthy lifestyle. The aim of the research was to find out the structure of physical activities in university students in various study progra mmes (teacher programmes, sport programmes) and also to determine their attitude to physical activity and the reasons for (not) including physical activity in daily regimen. Methods . The research group involved students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University (n=53, 26 men and 27 women), Faculty of Education, University of Trnava (n=53, only women) a University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice (n=45, 30 men, 15 women). The data were collected by questionnaire with open, semi - open and c losed questions. The data were analysed by MS Excel and non - parametric Chi - square test. Results. The students with sports profile presented more positive attitude to physical activity than the other students of other study profile. On the other, hand stude nts of the teacher study profile were least satisfied with the offer of physical activities at their faculty and they would like to perform more activities in their leisure time if they had better conditions. The reasons for not performing physical activit y were also various. Students with teacher profile chose not enough time (52%), however, students with sports profile chose their health condition as the priority (37%). The reasons for including physical activity in daily regimen were in the group of teac her students supporting health and body forming, the other groups of students preferred fun and challenge. The time spent with sedentary activities was not different regarding the study profile but regarding sex. The results showed a clear difference betwe en men and women, where the most men chose 1 - 2 hours of sedentary activities every day, whereas women suggested 3 - 4 hours of sedentary activities. Conclusion. Our research data confirm the importance of analysing the reasons for performing or not performin g physical activities by university students, which could help to create an optimal model of a physical programme for various study profiles. The results suggest that the students of teacher programmes will prefer health - oriented activities with emphasizin g body forming, whereas students of sports programmes will prefer activities focused on performance, challenge and experience.

4

Body composition of undergraduates – comparison of four different measurement methods

71%

Brtková M., Bakalár P., Matúš I., Hančová M., Rimárová K.

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vol. 2

38-44

EN

The objective of this study was to determine body composition of university students using four different methods and to find out the extent of agreement between these methods regarding the measurement of body fat percentage in body composition. The study group consisted of 52 students of the P.J. Šafárik University in Košice (29 males and 23 females) whose average age was 22.4 ± 1.9. The study group was formed by convenience sampling. Basic somatometric parameters (body height and weight) were determined and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The body fat percentage was determined by indirect methods, that is by measuring skinfold thickness at 10 locations on the body using calliper Best II.K501 and by bioimpendance method using devices Bodystat 1500, Omron BF511 (tetra-polar electrode configuration) and Omron BF300 (bi-polar electrode configuration). Profile analysis based on one-sample Hotelling’s test with chi-squared approximation was used for assessing agreement among given four methods of body fat measurements. Statistical analysis of differences among methods was supplemented by the Bland-Altman graphical method with the Wilcoxon paired test. The whole statistical analysis was performed using Excel and software R. Hotteling’s Test (p < 2.2e-16) rejected the hypothesis of agreement between the methods. The greatest influence on this rejection was attributed to the Omron BF511 method. In addition, the results of Wilcoxon’s matched pairs test confirmed the difference of the Omron BF511 method from the other three measurement methods. Bland-Altman graphical analysis showed that the Omron BF511 provided clearly higher values in comparison to the three remaining measurement methods of body fat percentage. The skinfold measurement, the Omron BF300 and the Bodystat 1500 were almost identical. For all the indirect methods it is necessary to validate the accuracy of their measurements using reference methods for the current local population. The skinfold thickness measurement method by Pařízková meets this requirement. Based on our results, the values determined by the devices Omron BF300 and Bodystat 1500 can also be considered applicable. The Omron BF511 does not provide results that could be considered sufficiently accurate for the purposes of research. In order to verify this conclusion the larger group of probands (n = 100 - 300) and a method of repeated measurements would be necessary.

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Kinematic analysis of the kick start from OSB12

The comparison of selected lifestyle variables of first-year students at two universities in Košice

Physical Activity of University St udents with Various Study Profile

Body composition of undergraduates – comparison of four different measurement methods