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Tajemnice udaru mózgu: rola wapnia i magnezu w śmierci neuronów strefy półcienia

100%
Kurzepa J.
Kosmos
|
2007
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
343-347
EN
Penumbra zone is localized on the border of ischaemic focus. Low cerebral blood flow allows the neurons to survive but it is insufficient for normal processes. Calcium ions play a significant role in the development of apoptosis within the neurons in penumbra. Intracellular calcium "swiches on" releasing cytochrom c from mitochondria - which is an important component of apoptosis. Extracellular calcium binds to the specific receptor localized on the cell membrane and activates antiapoptotic pathway which helps the cell to survive. Magnesium, in contrast to calcium ions, also excerts an antiapoptotic effect in the intracellular localization. Inhibition of glutamate (aminoacid which takes part in excitotoxicy) had brought the hope that magnesium could have been used in the stroke treatment. Unfortunately huge clinical trial with magnesium early administration in the acute ischemic stroke did not show the significant benefits of magnesium treatment. Future studies should be focused on recognition of molecular mechanism of magnesium and calcium ions acting in the excitotoxicy and apoptosis of the penumbra neurons.
2
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Collagenases and gelatinases in bone healing. The focus on mandibular fractures

45%
Kurzepa J., Baran M., Watroba S., Barud M., Babula D.
Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
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2014
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vol. 27
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issue 2
121-126
EN
Due to high amount of collagen fibres in the structure of bone, the enzymes capable of collagen digestion play a key role in bone remodelling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prevailing extracellular endopeptideses, can digest extracellularly located proteins, e.g. collagen, proteoglycans, elastin or fibronectin. Among MMPs, collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13) and gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) can cleave collagen particles to forms that are able to undergo further steps of catabolism intracellularly. In addition, activity of the gelatinases (as an activation of proinflammatory cytokines) facilitates spreading inflammation that is necessary during the first stage of bone healing. Further studies related to the role of various MMPs in mandibular fractures should precisely explain their function in the bone healing and evaluate the influence of MMPs inhibitors on that process. This review provides the basic information about two groups among MMPs family, collagenases and gelatinases, and their role in repairing processes after mandibular fractures.
3
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Can CRP affect the blood-brain barrier during acute ischemic stroke?

39%
Bielewicz J., Kurzepa J., Czekajska-Chehab E., Kamieniak P., Daniluk B., Bartosik-Psujek H.
Polish Journal of Public Health
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2015
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vol. 125
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issue 2
99-102
EN
Introduction. Ischemic strokes (IS) are one of the main causes of death and disabilities around the globe. Therefore, there is a huge need for researching the pathogenesis of IS. The C-reactive protein (CRP) plays a role during inflammatory processes. Results of some studies conducted on animal models indicate that CRP affects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) stability during IS. The presence of S100BB protein can be considered as an indication of BBB injury. Aim. The purpose of this study was to discover the relationship between CRP and S100BB protein. Material and methods. The study looked at fifty four IS patients, with the disease confirmed by computer tomography (CT). The clinical status was evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th day and 3 months following the onset of IS. Neurological status was estimated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Patients’ disability level was determined, using Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI). The volume of ischemic focus was calculated on the 10th day after the stroke, using CT. The levels of CRP and S100BB were evaluated on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th day after the stroke onset with usage of ELISA method. Results. The mean level of CRP and its concentration on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th day directly correlates with a deteriorated clinical status, as measured with the use of NIHSS, BI and mRS on day 10 and 3 months after the onset of IS. We found a correlation with the mean CRP level and bigger volume of ischemic injury. The mean CRP level correlated with the mean level of S100BB protein. In the group of patients with low CRP (0.51-24.68 mg/mL) the level of S100BB and the volume of ischemic focus were lower than in the group with a high level of CRP (24.69-209 mg/mL). Conclusions. CRP can be considered as a predictor of a worse clinical outcome after stroke. The relationship between CRP and S100BB protein can suggest the active role of CRP during IS
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