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Training Load Structure of Young Soccer Players in a Typical Training Microcycle during the Competitive and the Transition Period

100%
Głowacki A., Ignatiuk W., Konieczna A., Jastrzębski Z.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 1
26-33
EN
Background: The aims of this study were: (1) to characterize the training load structure and the applied training means in typical microcycles of the transition period and the competitive season administered to young soccer players, and (2) to present exemplary training units of the competitive and the transition periods.Material/Methods: 20 young soccer players (12-13 years old) took part in the study. Jastrzębski's method based on Sozański and Śledziewski was applied to register and monitor the training load. Data was analyzed regarding the information range (general or specific drills) as well as energetic zones (aerobic, mixed aerobic-anaerobic, anaerobic lactate or anaerobic alactate drills).Results: The results of study show crucial differences in the applied training means in the analyzed microcycles. In a typical microcycle of the transition period general drills predominate, while during the competitive period - specific drills prevail. The total effective time of training was longer in the competitive season microcycle. It is a proper relationship according to the theory of sport training.Conclusions: The range of the training load registered in the competitive season is in line with other authors' research where league matches and small-sided games were used particularly often. The studied microcycles in the competitive season can be model ones and can be used in the training process of young football players.
2
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Damage to Liver and Skeletal Muscles in Marathon Runners During a 100 km Run With Regard to Age and Running Speed

88%
Jastrzębski Z., Żychowska M., Radzimiński Ł., Konieczna A., Kortas J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 45
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issue 1
93-102
EN
The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether damage to liver and skeletal muscles occurs during a 100 km run; (2) whether the metabolic response to extreme exertion is related to the age or running speed of the participant; (3) whether it is possible to determine the optimal running speed and distance for long-distance runners’ health by examining biochemical parameters in venous blood. Fourteen experienced male amateur ultra-marathon runners, divided into two age groups, took part in a 100 km run. Blood samples for liver and skeletal muscle damage indexes were collected from the ulnar vein just before the run, after 25, 50, 75 and 100 km, and 24 hours after termination of the run. A considerable increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was observed with the distance covered (p < 0.05), which continued during recovery. An increase in the mean values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.05) was observed with each sequential course. The biggest differences between the age groups were found for the activity of liver enzymes and LDH after completing 75 km as well as after 24 hours of recovery. It can be concluded that the response to extreme exertion deteriorates with age in terms of the active movement apparatus.
3
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Changes of Physical Capacity and Soccer-Related Skills in Young Soccer Players within a One-Year Training Period

88%
Jastrzębski Z., Barnat W., Konieczna A., Rompa P., Radzimiński Ł.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 4
248-261
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to determine changes in both aerobic and anaerobic physical capacity as well as in sport-specific skills in footballers as a result of the applied training load within a one-year training period. It was assumed that the type of applied training load would have a significant influence on changes in physical capacity indexes and on differences in soccer technical skills.Material/Methods: The tests applied in the research were: Wingate test 30 sec. version for lower extremities (used to assess anaerobic capacity), PWC170 test (used to assess aerobic capacity) and German Football Association test of soccer technique skills known as DFB test (Deutsche Fussball Bund test).Results: The highest values of maximal power (Pmax=11.2 W·kg-1) and maximal total work volume (W=270.1 J·kg-1) obtained in Wingate test were noted at the end of the preparatory season. Statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) of mean values of the maximal power occurred between the first and the second test. No differences were stated between mean values of total work volume. However, aerobic capacity index and VO2max determined by an indirect method reached the highest values at the end of the competitive season and amounted to 18.6 kgm·kg-1·min-1 and 51.8 ml·kg-1·min-1 respectively. The best results in soccer technical skills test were registered at the end of the preparatory season (343.6 points) and at the end of the competitive season (340.2 points).Conclusions: It is stated that training load applied had a beneficial influence on changes in physical capacity indexes and results of soccer-related skills.
4
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Social, Educational and Sports Character of Football Academy in Malbork

76%
Barnat W., Jastrzębski Z., Konieczna A., Radzimiński Ł., Jaskulska E., Bichowska M.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 4
325-332
EN
The main sports aim of Football Academy is teaching and improving soccer skills of talented players from Malbork administrative district and the nearby areas as well as creating a two-stage sports training system targeted at young juniors (middle school - 3 years) and juniors (high school - 3 years). The main socio-educational aim is to support young players with a desirable set of values and create appropriate educational conditions for them to study at middle and high school.Judging by the three-year period of sports training and general educational activity in Football Academy in Malbork this practice can be described as systemic in terms of the second level of local government administration in Poland. Moreover, combining school education with sports training in the form of sports classes increases the effectiveness of soccer training and social integration. The main purpose of this paper was to present the organization and structure of Football Academy in Malbork.
5
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Lactate Threshold Changes in Soccer Players during the Preparation Period

76%
Jastrzębski Z., Dargiewicz R., Ignatiuk W., Radzimiński Ł., Rompa P., Konieczna A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 2
96-104
EN
Background: The aim of the study was to assess the anaerobic threshold (lactate threshold LT) changes during winter and summer preparation period in soccer premier league and first division players. It was assumed that the index value varies depending on the stage of a one-year training cycle.Material/Methods: Tests were conducted on the premier league and first division soccer players. Physical capacity tests were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the winter and summer preparation period. The tests covered 3 years: 2008 - 2010. Subjects performed an incremental running test according to Jastrzębski's method. The most important data obtained from this test are: running speed (V/LT) and heart rate (HR/LT) at LT.Results: At the beginning of summer preparations the players' speed corresponding to LT reached the value of 3.69 m/s ± 0.31 m/s, while at the end of this period it increased to 3.86 m/s ± 0.29 m/s. During the winter preparatory season the values of this index were 3.81 m/s ± 0.3 m/s and 3.80 m/s ± 0.21 m/s, respectively.Conclusions: Tested subjects showed lower values of running speed at LT level at the beginning of the summer preparatory season than at its end. At the final stage of the winter preparatory season HR values at LT were significantly lower than at the initial stage of this period.
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