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A Pattern of Efficiency of Actions in Soccer Based on Observations of the European Championships 2008 Finals

100%
Szwarc A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
|
2009
|
vol. 1
|
issue 1
79-85
EN
Background: The purpose of this work was to present a model which shows the efficiency of the actions in the game of soccer, based on observations of 7 final tournament matches during the European Championships in 2008. The successful teams were analyzed from the quarterfinals to the final match. Activity, effectiveness and reliability, during both offensive and defensive actions, were subject to this examination.Material/Methods: The material consisted of the audio-visual records gathered from 7 matches which had been played in the final tournament in the 2008 European Championships. The gathered data was put on the special observation sheet in accordance with the Panfil's design.Results: It has been ascertained that the most effective actions are those of possessing the ball and the actions of gaining the field, while the rate of scoring goals is similar to that which had been observed during finals in other top soccer tournaments. Additionally, in the defensive actions the best players manifest higher reliability in co-operation than in individual actions.Conclusions: In the top-level competitions, group/team actions prevailed over individual ones. The examined players manifested nearly the same efficiency in scoring like those who took part in the finals of the World and continental championships. The players regarded as champions made use of various individual actions against their opponents with a ball, depending on the implemented game tasks.The models which illustrate the efficiency of actions in soccer, at the top-level competition should be used for creating ideal models which will design the game of players of lower sport competence.
2
Content available remote

The Efficiency Model of Soccer Player's Actions in Cooperation with Other Team Players at the FIFA World Cup

100%
Szwarc A.
Human Movement
|
2008
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vol. 9
|
issue 1
56-61
EN
Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present a simple, table-graphic model of one-to-one play in soccer based on observation of cooperation of top soccer players. Basic procedures. The research material consisted of audio-visual recordings from six soccer matches played by the three top teams of the 2006 World Cup finals. The data concering one-to-one plays was entered on a special form. Offensive and defensive actions were assessed with reference to the implementation of the game's objectives and players' position in the field zones. Main findings. It has been proven that elite soccer players are most effective at intercepting the ball down the field and in other zones of the pitch. They are also very active in breaking their opponents' offensive actions in midfield. Conclusions. The models reflecting elite soccer players' efficiency in one-to-one play should constitute important references for the training of novice soccer players.
3
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The Efficiency Model of Goalkeeper's Actions in Soccer

51%
Szwarc A., Lipińska P., Chamera M.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2010
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vol. 2
|
issue 2
132-138
EN
Background: The purpose of this paper was to present cognitive models illustrating efficiency of the goalkeeper's actions in soccer based on observation of play in selected matches of the Euro 2008 finals.Material/Methods: The observation method was used in the study. The play of both goalkeepers was analysed in 7 soccer matches in a cup phase of the European Championships which took place in Portugal in 2008. The data was recorded on the authors' observation forms. Activity, effectiveness and reliability during both offensive and defensive actions were subject to this examination.Results: It was revealed that most actions of the goalkeeper are aimed at taking control of the field of play or keeping possession of the ball; creating goal scoring opportunity represents only a small percentage of offensive actions. Defensive actions are generally performed individually and the highest reliability is reported while catching the ball.Conclusions: Efficiency models of goalkeepers' actions should be used to create models of play for players representing a lower level of sports competence in order to improve the effectiveness of their game play. One should continue further study to improve a research tool so as to evaluate other, important from the point of view of the game's objectives, actions definitely dependent on team mates' behavior.
4
Content available remote

The Method of Goalkeeper's Evaluation in Futsal

51%
Szwarc A., Oszmaniec M., Lipinska P.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2014
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vol. 6
|
issue 2
100-113
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to develop a research tool used to assess the efficiency a goalkeeper's actions in a game of futsal. Material/Methods: Author's own proposal of an observation sheet was created and subject to a validation procedure. To assess intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability, the ICC test was used. Results: There was a strong compatibility of ratings of the intra-rater reliability - 1.00 (95% Cl 1.00-1.00) and the inter-rater reliability − 0.99 (95% CI 0.99-1.00), which proves the reliability of the proposed research tool. Conclusions: The developed sheet allows the registration and evaluation of individual performance and cooperation in terms of goalkeeper's game objectives pursued both in offence and defence.
5
Content available remote

The Efficiency of Players of Action-Effective Football Teams in One against One Situations

51%
Szwarc A., Kromke K., Lipińska P.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2012
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vol. 4
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issue 2
104-109
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to identify and compare the efficiency of action-effective football players in one against one situations (1×1).Material/Methods: The game of winning teams' players was observed in four matches and two semi-final meetings of the European Championships tournament in 2004 and 2008. Visual recording was monitored using a freeze-frame function and data about the players' game were recorded on observation sheet by Szwarc. The activity, effectiveness and reliability of individual offensive and defensive actions were estimated.Results: It was found that on average players of the best teams in Europe participated in 216 1×1 battles (from 184 to 273) in one game, with an average reliability of 52%.Conclusions: Furthermore, it was proved that players-champions engaged equally often and with the same effectiveness in both individual defensive measures and offensive actions.
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