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The Indonesian Neuropsychological Test Battery (INTB): psychometric properties, preliminary normative scores, the underlying cognitive constructs, and the effects of age and education

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Wahyuningrum S. E., Sulastri A., Hendriks M. P. H., van Luijtelaar G.

Indonesia lacks standardized and adapted neuropsychological tests, which hampers their use in clinical practice. Recently, an Indonesian Neuropsychological Consortium has initiated the adaptation of ten internationally commonly used tests for use in Indonesia. Here, we report the analyses of the psychometric properties, including preliminary normative data, the reliability, the underlying cognitive constructs, and the effects of age and education on these constructs as validity indicators. Four hundred ninety healthy adults living on Java Island participated in this study. All subjects completed the Indonesian Neuropsychological Test Battery (INTB) for diagnosis of various cognitive functions. The test-retest reliability was determined in a parallel study with fifty participants. Underlying cognitive constructs were assessed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed seven constructs that accounted for 62.84% of the total variance, and the goodness of fit of the model was good. ANOVA’s showed significant effects of age on six constructs (i.e., speed of visuospatial information processing, auditory short-term and working memory, speed and inhibitory control, and verbal learning ability). Age effects were not found for executive internal language. All constructs showed effects of education, except for recall and verbal learning ability. Interestingly, as expected, not all constructs showed the same age-dependent decline, and if present, all seem to be unique. It is concluded that the psychometric properties of the INTB justify their usage for the Indonesian population.

Adaptation of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test for Indonesia: its validity and reliability

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Utami M. S. S., Sulastri A., Santoso J. B., Suryani A. O., Goeritno H., Widhianingtanti L. T., van Luijtelaar G.

Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) assesses different aspects of verbal memory and learning. This test is often used in clinical, educational, and selection contexts. We adapted the Geffen et al’ version for Indonesia and here we present its psychometric properties. We tested the validity via its seven recall trials (A1 to A7), based on theoretical constructs (e.g. the presence and recency effect) via analyses of variance and factor analyses and the test’s reliability via e.g. correlation analyses and Cronbach’s alpha. Two groups of healthy participants with varying ages (16-80) and education (from Elementary school to postgraduate alumni) included 492 persons for the validation, and 50 for the test-retest reliability part of the study with a 6–14-day interval. We tested the validity via its seven recall trials, based on theoretical constructs, and factor analyses. The test’s reliability via Cronbach’s alpha test, and test-retest. The recall scores increased over trials A1 to A5. The expected position effect, primacy, and recency were found for A1 to A5. Factor analysis of Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test revealed three memory constructs. The word “ibu (mother)” caused an anomaly in the position effect of the 15 words. Both Cronbach’s alpha and the test-retest correlations increased from low A1 to satisfying A7. Carry-over results were found in the retest. The Indonesian version of Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test is valid based on the position effect of the recall score and the three clusters covering different aspects of memorizing the items over the seven trials. The score of reliability is only moderate for the recall score, it might be due to the test-retest procedure.

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2 Acta Neuropsychologica

1 2023

1 2022

2 Sulastri A.

2 van Luijtelaar G.

1 Goeritno H.

1 Hendriks M. P. H.

1 Santoso J. B.

1 Suryani A. O.

1 Utami M. S. S.

1 Wahyuningrum S. E.

1 Widhianingtanti L. T.

Search results

The Indonesian Neuropsychological Test Battery (INTB): psychometric properties, preliminary normative scores, the underlying cognitive constructs, and the effects of age and education

Adaptation of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test for Indonesia: its validity and reliability