Search results

1

Impacts of Rainfall and Temperature on Sorghum (Sorghum biocolor) and Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Yield in Arid Zone of the Sudan 1981-2010

100%

Elbasher O. A. M., Abdalla A. K., Abdalla A. E., Mohammed H. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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vol. 45

37-57

EN

The fundamental goal of this work was to investigate the impact of rainfall and temperature on sorghum and millet yield in the arid zone in Sudan. Therefore the study had pivoted in two axis: climate characteristics and trends and impacts of climate on crops yield. Five focal points (Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim, Elobied and Elfasher) were selected to represent the whole zone. The climate data of monthly rainfall, minimum and maximum air temperature were obtained from Sudan Metrological Authority. Other climatic factors were calculated and estimated from temperature and rainfall data. Using rainfall, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, cumulative rainfall departure, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index for the period (1980 – 2010). Generally the trend of annual mean air temperature, annual rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, cumulative rainfall departure, rainfall coefficient of variance, annual aridity index and standardized precipitation index had been increased during the period from 1980 to 2010 with statistically significant evidences (p≤0.05). Correlations between long-term sorghum yield and climatic factors analysis showed that there were positive significant correlation between sorghum yield and aridity index in Gezira and Elobied. Also, in Elobied negative significant correlation between Sorghum yield and air temperature, potential evapotranspiration. Where in Elfasher there were positive significant correlation between sorghum yield and rainfall, cumulative rainfall departure, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index. Correlations between long-term millet yield and climatic factors showed that in Elobied station there were positive significant correlation between millet yield and rainfall, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index. Where in Elfasher there were negative significant correlation between millet yield and potential evapotranspiration. Using multiple regression model where the climatic factors with sorghum and millet yield; the results showed there were significant regression equation model in three stations (Wadmedni, Elobied and Elfasher) and in two stations (Elobied and Elfasher), respectively.

2

Evaluation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes in Eastern mid-hills condition of Nepal

100%

Poudel K., Karki S., Sah M. K., Mandal J. L.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 19

155-159

EN

The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of five different radish varieties (HRD RAD 001, HRD RAD 002, HRD RAD 003, HRD RAD 004 and HRD RAD 005) for growth and yield performance. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with four replications at 30 cm X 15 cm of spacing, with a plot size of 3.15 m2 at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Pakhribas, Dhankuta, during 2014 and 2015. The average performance of both years revealed that the radish genotypes HRD RAD 002 (37.91 t/ha), followed by HRD RAD 004 (28.91t/ha) were found as promising - with better adoptability, higher root weight, root length and yield. Hence, HRD RAD 002 and HRD RAD 004 could successfully be grown in the conditions found in the Eastern mid-hills area.

3

EFFECT OF CHITOSAN AND META-TOPOLIN IN MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM

100%

Krupa-Małkiewicz M., Jurkiewicz A., Ochmian I., Figiel-Kroczyńska M.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2022

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vol. 27

154-161

EN

The culture medium is often optimised to improve growth and morphogenesis in vitro. The efficiency of chitosan (CH) and meta-topolin (mT) on in vitro growth of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) cv Liberty was investigated. The explants were grown on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with mT at a concentration of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg l-1 and WPM with chitosan with a molecular weight 3.33 kDa at 10, 20, and 40 ppm. WPM with the addition of 0.1 mg l-1 zeatin was used as a control. Among the tested combinations, the maximum mean shoot length (23.81 cm), the number of new shoots (1.34), fresh mass (42.29 g), and dry mass (14.24 g) were recorded on the control medium. The addition of lower concentrations of chitosan (10 and 20 ppm) to the WPM medium decreased shoot length (23%-24.5% of control), fresh mass (30%-40% of control), and dry mass (20%-29% of control). However, blueberries treated with 40 ppm chitosan had similar shoot lengths, but darker (112% of control) and greener (139% of control) leaves compared with the control. In contrast, mT had a negative effect on the studied traits of Liberty blueberries, regardless of the concentration.

4

Forage and seed yield of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.)) as affected by sowing date and plant spacing under irrigated condition, Gezira state, Sudan

100%

Elagbani N. H. M., Gangi A. S., Sulieman A. M., Babiker S. A. E.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 46

1-13

EN

Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.)) can be used as food, feed (forage and seeds) and environmental services. Also, the plant can be a cover crop and green manure. Experiments was carried out during the seasons of 2017/18 and 2018/19 at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira. Experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of three sowing date (15th of September, 15th of December and 15th of March) and three plant spacing (15, 30 and 45 cm) on forage and seed yield of velvet bean. The treatments were arranged in split –plot design, where sowing date assigned as main plot and plant spacing as sub-plot with four replications. Results showed that the effect of sowing date, plant spacing and their interaction on fresh forage yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield was highly significantly different. Plant spacing 30 cm and 15th of September sowing date produced the highest fresh forage and seed yield (21.97 and 3.85 ton ha-1), respectively. Based on the experimental results obtained from this study it could be recommended that the best combination for forage production and seed yield during different seasons is 15th of September sowing date and 30 cm plant spacing.

5

Performance evaluation of potato varieties under aeroponics conditions in Rwanda

100%

Khadka S., Nshimiyimana J. B., Ngabonziza T., Harerimana A., Nsabimana A.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 19

128-134

EN

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food and cash crop in Rwanda. The objective of this study was to identify suitable potato varieties for growing under aeroponics production systems. Four commercial potato varieties - Kirundo, CIP 393371-58, Kinigi and Kigega - were evaluated in an aeroponics green house at Rwanda Agriculture Board RAB-Musanze station, from January to May 2016. The study consisted of 30 plantlets per m2. The experimental design was a split plot design with four replications. In an enclosed environment, the supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and other nutrients to plants were done by use of a mist nebulizer. The results showed there was an increased vegetative cycle in CIP 393371-58 (with 8.2 cm plant height and 3.3 nodes) followed by Kirundo (1 cm plant height and 1.5 nodes ), Kinigi (27.1 cm plant height and 6.2 nodes) and Kigega (56.4 cm height and 19.3 nodes), respectively. The maturity period of CIP 393371-58 was 70 days. This was earlier than Kinigi (77 days), Kirundo (112 days) and Kigega (156 days), respectively. The mini-tuber per plant production was also higher in CIP 393371-58 (41), followed by Kinigi (36), Kirundo (28) and Kigega (7), respectively. The data showed that the CIP 393371-58 variety was better adapted to an aeroponics environment than were Kinigi, Kirundo, and Kigega, respectively.

6

Base line information on Nutritional profiling of genetically modified forages. A Review

100%

Beriso Y.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 51

49-60

EN

The productivity of animal agriculture in developing countries will need to be substantially increased in order to satisfy increasing consumer demand, to more efficiently utilize scarce resources and to generate income for a growing agricultural population. Biotechnology has the potential to improve the productivity of animals via increasing in growth, carcass quality and reproduction, improved nutritional quality, safety of food, improved health and welfare of animals and reduced waste through more efficient utilization Agricultural biotechnology is one area of application of biotechnology involving applications to agriculture and the application has long been source of innovation in production and processing, extremely impacting the sector. Agricultural biotechnology has been practiced for a long time, as people have sought to improve agriculturally important organisms by selection and breeding. This includes plant breeding to raise and stabilize yields; to improve resistance to pests, diseases and abiotic stresses such as drought and cold; and to enhance the nutritional content of foods. Biotechnology is being used to develop low-cost disease-free planting materials for crops such as cassava, banana and potato and is creating new tools for the diagnosis and treatment of plant and animal diseases and for the measurement and conservation of genetic resources. Modern biotechnology has the potential to provide new opportunities for achieving enhanced livestock productivity in a way that alleviates poverty, improves food security and nutrition and promotes sustainable use of natural resources. The major cause of poor livestock productivity in tropical regions of the world is inadequate nutrition. Low-quality forages are a major component of ruminant diets in the tropics. The lack of quality of ruminant feeds is caused by a high content of lignified crop residues and mature grasses, usually associated with a low content of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. The shortage of feed in most developing countries and the increasing cost of feed ingredients mean that there is a need to improve feed utilization. Animal feeds and feeding practices are being changed by biotechnology to improve animal nutrition and to reduce environmental waste. The ultimate goal of using biotechnology in animal nutrition is to improve the plane of nutrition through the use of enzymes to improve the availability of nutrients from feed and to reduce the wastage of the feed.

7

Intercropping Impact on Weed Dry Matter, Soil C and N, Sugar Quality and Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Productivity

100%

Bassey M. S., Shittu E. A., Ngonadi E. N.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 48

28-39

EN

The effects of intercropping on weed dry matter, soil C and N, sugar quality and sugarcane productivity were investigated at Badeggi, Nigeria in 2016 and 2017. The results revealed that application of Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping produced lower weed dry matter comparable to Sugarcane + Soybean intercropping which significantly increased growth and yield attributes of sugarcane. Application of Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping, resulted in a comparable germination count, Tiller count, plant and stalk height to Soybean intercropping. Similarly, Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping and Soybean intercropping produced comparable stalk height and brix content. Also, Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping generated more millable canes and stools per plot. Application of Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping proved equally effective as Soybean intercropping in contributing the highest soil C and N and cane yield. In the same way, Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping and Soybean intercropping produced comparable sucrose and glucose content. Lower weed dry matter was found in Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping, and taller plant and stalks, girth, brix content, millable cane, stools, sucrose, glucose content. and cane yield were observed in Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping. In conclusion, application of Sugarcane + Groundnut intercropping or Soybean intercropping effectively controlled weeds, increased Soil C and N, plant and stalk height, girth, brix content, millable cane, stools and cane yield of sugarcane.

8

Application of different organic manures in optimizing optimum yield for wheat in calcareous soil

100%

Jamal A., Fawad M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 20

23-30

EN

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2014-2015 at a farm field located in Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with the main aim to evaluate the influence of different organic manures on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. The treatments were: T1 (control, no manure), T2 (Cattle manure), T3 (Poultry manure) and T4 (Sheep manure). All the organic manures were applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. At maturity, plant height (cm), number of grains per spike, grain yield and biological yield were recorded. Results led to the conclusion that T3 (poultry manure) gave the best results, as compared to other treatments. The values of plant height, biological yield and grain yield were 87 cm, 13.66 t ha-1 and 5.750 t ha-1, respectively, for poultry manure treatment. Results for number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were found non-significant in the prevailing soil condition.

9

Effect of Tillage Systems and Irrigation Intervals on Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Production in Guneid Area, Sudan

100%

Basheeir E. M. H., Dahab M. H., Mohammed H. M.

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vol. 44

260-274

EN

The present research study was carried out at Guneid Research Sugar Cane Center during the two seasons of 2014 and 2015.The objective was to investigated the effect of four tillage systems (mouldboard plowing, disc plowing, chisel plowing and disc harrowing) and three irrigation intervals (7, 10, and 14 days). The parameters measured were some crop parameters (germination ratio, root thickness, root number per hectare, leaf weight, root crop yield, polarization or sugar content, estimated recovery sugar and sugar beet production. A split plot design with four replications was used in this study. Different tillage systems significantly (P≤0.05) affected root number per hectare and germination ratio. The maximum value of root number per hectare 62254 roots/hectare, germination ratio (76.2%) and sugar beet production (10 ton/hr) and were given by disc plowing treatment, while the maximum root thickness (35.5 cm) were recorded by chisel plowing treatment and the maximum values of polarization or sugar content (18.6%) and estimated recovery sugar (16.9%) were recorded by disc harrowing treatment. While the minimum values of root crop yield, (58.55 ton/hectare) and germination ratio (66.5%) were given by chisel plowing treatment. Also irrigation intervals significantly (P≤0.05) affected root crop yield, root thickness and sugar beet production. The maximum values of root crop yield (65.45 ton/hectare) and root thickness (35.2cm) were obtained under an10 days irrigation interval, while the maximum values of sugar beet production (9.71 ton/hectare) was obtained under a 7 days irrigation interval. It was concluded that using disc plowing increased sugar production from sugar beet crops at Guneid Research Sugar Cane Center.

10

Study on the survival in liquid nitrogen (LN) of the three rice seed cultivars collected from Nagaland

100%

Lanuinla L.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2020

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vol. 30

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issue 2

136-143

EN

The effect of cryopreservation on seed germination and seed vigour, and seeds with different moisture regimes have been studied to find out if they are a good candidate for LN by storing seeds in liquid nitrogen (196 °C) for 24 and 72 hours from three rice seed cultivars, namely Lisem, Manen, and Mapok. For all the three cultivars studied, cryopreservation did not decrease germination percentages or seed vigour and it also appears that seed moisture content ranging from 10% to 18% is not a determining factor for the survival of seeds up to 72 hour storage of the seed in LN.

11

Effects of local liming materials on soil properties and yield of waterleaf (Talinum fructicosum (L.) Juss.) in an ultisol of southeast Nigeria

100%

Iren O. B., Uwah I. D.

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vol. 21

53-63

EN

Soils of the tropics are generally acidic mainly due to the high and intensive rainfall that causes excessive loss of the basic cations. High soil acidity is often a limiting factor for plant growth. Liming is the most widely used method to neutralize acidity and improve crop performance. A field trial was conducted at two locations in the University of Calabar Teaching and Research Farm, Calabar, to determine the effects of local liming materials on soil properties and yield of waterleaf. Seven treatments consisting of wood ash (WA), oil palm bunch ash (OPBA), cocoa pod ash (COPA), periwinkle shell ash (PSA), cassava peels ash (CAPA), and carbide waste (CW), each applied at 8 t /ha, and a control (no lime applied) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result showed increase in soil pH from 4.5 before experiment to 5.93 in the plot treated with wood ash. Over all, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, basic nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and base saturation were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in plots treated with lime materials. Plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, stem girth, leaf area, fresh and dry matter yield of waterleaf were all significantly increased. However, the highest mean fresh yield of 4.61 t/ha obtained from the WA treated plot was not significantly (P > 0.05) higher than the yield of 4.36 t/ha obtained from OPBA treated plots, but was higher significantly than other treatments. The fresh yield increase was 61, 58, 46, 45, 39 and 35%, while the dry matter yield percentage increase was 63, 56, 53, 50, 42 and 22 for WA, OPBA, COPA, PSA, CAPA and CW. Therefore, for amelioration of soil acidity and better crop performance in the acid Ultisol of Southeast Nigeria, application of either wood ash or oil palm bunch ash is recommended.

12

Food security status and coping strategies: A case study of Dalits community in Lamjung District, Nepal

100%

Khanal S.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 23

69-74

EN

A case study was conducted at Madhyanepal Municipality, Lamjung to access the food security status and the coping strategy of Dalit community. Information was collected from the 60 Dalit households through livelihood analysis, problem ranking and community discussion tools of participatory rural appraisal. The research revealed that the majority of the households (46.875%) have food sufficiency for less than 3 months, as the figures for household food sufficiency for 3-6 months, 6-9 months and 9-12 months are 31.25%, 6.25%, 15.625%, respectively. The research also showed that none of the household have year round food sufficiency. The major reason associated with this outcome was low land ownership (36%), followed by infertile land (28%) lack of manpower (20%), predators (12%) and diseases (4%). To become more food secure and in response to the food deficit condition, households have adopted coping strategies such as share cropping, seasonal migration within or outside the country, remittances, casual laboring, selling off livestock and borrowing food or money.

13

Effect of wood ash, river sand, mineral oil and dry pepper (Capsicum spp) dust on the population of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (maize weevil) in maize grain storage

100%

Adiaha M., Agba O., Obio E., Undie U., Asuquo O.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2018

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vol. 18

|

issue 2

241-251

EN

An experiment to evaluate the effect of wood ash, river sand, mineral oil and dry pepper (Capcium spp) dust on the population (control) of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (maize weevil) was conducted. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five (5) treatments; 0g, 5g river sand, 5g dry pepper dust, 5g wood ash and 5g mineral oil. All treatment were replicated three times. Data were taken on the number of population of Sitophilus zeamais emerging from individual treatments. Herein, weight loss on grain maize was taken for S. zeamais infestation. The effect of the various treatments on maize seed with S. zeamais was not significant (P>0.05), although the highest population numbers of the weevil was recorded in the control (0g). Zero population of S. zeamais was recorded in wood ash treatment at 5g, which significantly (P<0.05) protected the grains over the control. Significant (higher) weight loss was recorded in the control since no treatment was applied. All treatments except the control indicate the potential of reducing (controlling) weevil numbers. Data obtained in these experiments reveal that wood ash, pepper dust and river sand produced the most protective/control effect on the population of the weevil over the control. Result of the study show that river sand, pepper dust, wood ash and mineral oil (vegetable oil) performed positively, and hence, exert protectant properties on maize grains.

14

Efficiency of botanical extract against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

100%

Khanal S., Adhikari A., Tiwari A., Singh N. B., Subedi R.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 24

1-8

EN

With the objective of studying the efficiency of locally available botanical extract on maize weevil, a lab experiment was conducted from Feb 3 to Feb 20 2017, at the entomology lab of Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College, Gokuleshwor, Baitadi. The design setup was that of a completely randomized design, with 10 treatments, each treatment was replicated thrice. Two varieties of maize local and a commercial hybrid were treated with five locally available botanical extracts, i.e. Acorous, Rittha, Neem, Asuro and wood ash to examine the efficiency of these on maize weevil. One kilogram of maize grains adjusted to 14% MC was placed in 20 cm high × 8 cm diameter plastic buckets. 10 gram of the powdered botanical pesticides of each of the test materials was then thoroughly mixed with the grains in each bucket. The mortality rate was recorded at 24 hours interval. Herein, Acorous showed the highest mortality rate in both local and hybrid varieties. The order of efficiency was found to Bhojo, Ritha, Ash, Neem and Asuro.

15

Evaluation of selected agricultural wastes as viable sources of vitamin supplements in poultry feeds

100%

Enenebeaku C. K., Enenebeaku U. E., Ezejiofor T. I. N.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 20

103-120

EN

The vitamin content of selected agricultural wastes was evaluated as supplements in poultry feeds. The agricultural wastes considered in this study include; cassava bagasse, beans coat, pineapple peel, avocado pear seed, watermelon peel, fluted pumpkin stalk, potato peel, Mix. A - mixture of all wastes (ratio, 1:1:1), Mix. B - mixture of bean jackets, avocado pear seed and potato peel (ratio, 1:1:1). The vitamins considered were Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Pantothenic acid, Niacin, Biotin and Pyridoxine. Cassava bagasse gave the highest amount of vitamin A (0.36±0.06 mg/l), whereas this vitamin was totally absent in fluted pumpkin stalk. This waste also gave the highest amount of vitamin E (0.99±0.21 mg/l). The highest amount of vitamin D (10.35±0.21 mg/l) was obtained from watermelon peel, while the highest amount of vitamin B12 (0.08±0.04 mg/l) was gleaned from a mixture of all the wastes (Mix. A). The wastes were quite low in vitamin K - herein, Mix. B (bean jackets, avocado pear seed, and potato peel) gave the highest amount (2.36±0.16 mg/l). Finally, pineapple peel gave the highest amount of pantothenic acid (8.55±0.35 mg/l), niacin (5.95±0.53 mg/l), biotin (0.08±0.03 mg/l), as well as pyridoxine (2.45±0.55 mg/l). These results were compared with the standards required for feed formulation for different categories of poultry birds. Our findings revealed that these agro-wastes contain vitamin levels that did not differ significantly from the standards required for feed formulation for different categories of poultry birds. Hence, they can serve as good supplements for vitamins in poultry feeds. Harnessing the vitamin contents of these wastes as supplements in poultry feed will increase animal production and ensure food security in terms of protein supply.

16

The Potential of Selected Agricultural Wastes Fibers as Acoustic Absorber and Thermal Insulator Based on their Surface Morphology via Scanning Electron Microscopy

100%

Mercado R. D. T., Ureta R. M., Templo R. J. D.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 20

129-147

EN

Natural fibrous materials have been studied to address noise and high heat indices, but many of the existing studies about natural fibers do not sufficiently support their claims of better acoustical and heat insulating materials. Thus, this study investigated the surface morphology of easily available agricultural materials such as coconut husks, banana pseudostem and sugarcane husk for their potential as sound absorbers and thermal insulators. Fiber pads from the materials were constructed and analyzed for noise reduction coefficients, thermal insulating performance, water absorbing capacity and flame tolerance - using the methods specified in the American Society for Testing Materials. Herein, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for analytical imaging of the agricultural materials. Noise reduction coefficients (0.80 dB and 0.92 dB), (0.75d B and 0.78 dB) and (0.50 dB and 0.35 dB) each at 800 Hz and 440 Hz, and heat reductions of 2.56 °C, 1.71 °C, and 1.24 °C were obtained from coconut husk, sugarcane husk and banana pseudostem, respectively. The coconut husk also gave the highest water absorbing capacity and high flame tolerance of 56%, compared to that of sugarcane husk (49%) and banana pseudostem (32.67%). The morphology of the coconut husk, after SEM application revealed more diverse microporous cells with varying shapes and sizes compared to that of sugarcane husk and banana pseudostem. Thus, results indicate that porosity affects the noise and heat reduction indices of the fibers. The more porous the material is, the better its potential as sound absorber and thermal insulator.

17

Adoption of Improved Lentil Varieties among Smallholder’s farmers in Gimbichu District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

100%

Senait A. T.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2021

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vol. 37

58-74

EN

Adoption of improved technologies is one of the most promising ways to ensure food security and alleviate poverty in Ethiopia. However, the adoption and dissemination of lentil technology is constrained by various factors. To this end, the aim of this study was to empirically identify the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of improved lentil varieties. In this study, two stage sampling procedure was followed to select the sample respondents. First four lentil growing kebeles were randomly selected from 26 lentil producing kebeles. In the second stage: 166 sample respondents were randomly selected based on probability proportional to size for the interview purpose. Semi-structured interview schedule was developed and used for data collection, the study from the sampled households. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and double hurdle econometric model. The probit model statistics shows that from the total 13 variables, 7 of them show statistically significant difference with the adoption decision at 1%, 5% and 10% level of significance depicted that sex headed household, TLU, family size; cooperative membership, extension service, total land size and education affected the likelihood of adoption of improved lentil varieties positively and significantly. The truncated model results were positively and significantly influenced the intensity of use of improved lentil varieties production in the study show that the level of adoption has significantly active labor force, TLU, family size and access to credit. Finally, the study recommends that, adoption and intensity of use of improved lentil varieties should be given due attention for enhanced by rising farm household asset formation, and providing extension and credit services.

18

Yield performance and Adaptability of Finger millet landrace in North Western Tigray, Ethiopia

100%

Kinfe H., Yiergalem T., Alem R., Redae W., Desalegn Y., Welegerima G.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2017

|

vol. 15

98-111

EN

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) is a stable food crop with inherent hardy nature and quality nutritional grain in majority of drought prone areas in several East African and South Asian countries in the world. The experiment was conducted with objectives of determining the effect of genotype, environment and their interaction for grain yield and to identify the most stable finger millet genotypes in north western Tigray, Ethiopia. Forty one finger millet genotypes were grown at three sites in northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia at two season (2015/16 and 2016/2017). The experiment was laid down in RCBD with three replications. The combined ANOVA for grain yield revealed highly significant (P<0.01) for genotypes, environments and their interactions. This indicated that the environments were diverse and variability among the genotypes. The significant interaction showed the genotypes respond differently across the different environments. The mean grain yield value of genotypes averaged over environments indicated that MyARC coll 44 and Tessema had the highest (2599 kg/ha) and lowest (1154 kg/ha) grain yield respectively. The best genotype with respect to site of Tselemti on station was genotype MyARC coll 44; for Tselemti Maiani also MyARC coll 61 and MyARC coll 61. Generally, the result revealed the existence of variability for the characters studied in finger millet landraces. Hence, this is a potential character of interest which could be used in the genetic improvement of finger millet through hybridization and/or selection by involving breeders and farmers’ knowledge. Farmers also opined that the new variety has better grain and fodder yield potential and lodging resistance and they would adopt them in future.

19

EFFECT OF CHITOSAN-BASED SPRAYING ON THE QUALITY OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES (SUNRISE CULTIVAR)

100%

Figiel-Kroczyńska M., Ochmian I., Krupa-Małkiewicz M.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

|

2022

|

vol. 27

67-78

EN

The consumption of highbush blueberries has been growing rapidly in recent years due to their taste and health-promoting qualities. Various solutions have been sought to obtain the highest quality fruit after harvest. In the era of eco-friendly products, it is important that the methods used are natural and ecological. For this purpose, chitosan (CH) was sprayed five times on highbush blueberry bushes before harvesting. Different molecular weights of CH (5, 12, 21, 50, 125, and 500 kDa) were used in this study. The physical and biochemical characteristics of the fruit were investigated. The antioxidant activity, microbial contaminants, and mycotoxins in fruit were also analysed. Application of CH affected the quality of highbush blueberries after harvest. The molecular weight of CH had a significant effect on the studied traits. The application of high-molecular-weight CH improved physical characteristics such as the average weight of 100 blueberries, firmness, and puncture. Furthermore, the blueberries had a more intense blue colour; were characterised by a higher content of l-ascorbic acid and polyphenols, especially anthocyanins; and did not contain mycotoxins. Spraying with CH can be recommended in the organic cultivation of highbush blueberries to obtain robust fruit with health-promoting qualities.

20

Effect of mixing velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.)) with selected some grasses on forage yield

100%

Elagbani N. H. M., Gangi A. S., Sulieman A. M., Babiker S. A. E.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2023

|

vol. 46

68-78

EN

Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.)) can be used as food, feed (forage and seeds) and environmental services. Also, the plant can be a cover crop and green manure. Experiments was carried out during the seasons of 2017/18 and 2018/19 at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira. Experiment aimed to investigate the effect of mixing of Abu 70, Sudan grass, Pioneer 988 and Sweet sorghum with velvet bean on forage yield. These crops were grown in pure stand and mixed in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios. The treatment combinations were arranged in a Randomized complete block design with three replications. Effect of mixing velvet bean with some grasses on forage yield showed that the fresh forage yield (ton/ha), relative yield and land equivalent ratio was highly significantly. The highest fresh forage yield (37.23 ton/ha) was recorded by velvet bean when mixed with Sudan grass )20 kg seeds /ha velvet been + 40 kg seeds /ha Sudan grass (1:2)(. In mono culture the highest fresh forage yield was recorded by Pioneer 988, followed by Sudan grass. Depending on the results of this study, it could be recommended that to obtain high forage mixing with Sudan grass should be adopted.

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