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1
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Effects of Rhodiola rosea extract on passive avoidance tests in rats

100%
Getova D., Mihaylova A.
Open Medicine
|
2013
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
176-181
EN
The purpose was to evaluate the effects of extract of Rhodiola rosea on learning and memory processes on rats. The two series of experiments were carried out - on naïve rats and on rats with scopolamine-impaired memory. The passive avoidance tests were performed - step-down and step-through. The latency of reactions in seconds was observed in both tests. Naïve rats treated with the extract in showed the prolongation of latency of reaction of both step-down and step-through passive avoidances compared to the controls. Rats with scopolamine-impaired memory showed shorter latency of reaction in both passive avoidance tests compared to the controls. Rats treated with the extract of Rh. Rosea with scopolamine-impaired memory prolonged the latency in both passive avoidance tests compared to scopolamine group. It was found that the extract of Rh. Rosea improved performance during learning session, short and long memory retrieval tests in naïve rats. Scopolamine impaired the learning and memory retrieval of rats, but Rh. Rosea pretreatment improved performance and turned off the deterioration effect of scopolamine on these brain functions probably by non-specific mechanisms on cholinergic neurons. The studied plant extract can be a candidate for treatment of dementia and other memory disturbances.
2
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Effects of GABAB receptor antagonists CGP63360, CGP76290A and CGP76291A on learning and memory processes in rodents

100%
Getova D., Dimitrova D.
Open Medicine
|
2007
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vol. 2
|
issue 3
280-293
EN
Data in literature that use methods for studying the learning and memory processes suggest that GABA and especially GABAB receptor antagonists may be active against amnesia. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of three new GABAB-antagonists on learning and memory processes. Active and passive avoidance tests with negative reinforcement in rats were used. The rats treated with different GABAB receptor antagonists showed improving effects in both tests (active and passive avoidances)on learning as well as on memory retention. There are some differences in their activities, probably due to its chemical structures. The phosphinic analogue CGP63360A is potent to the point that the benzoic one CGP76290A and the left isomer of the benzoic analogue CGP76291A has no effect. It may be concluded that the obtained results on the GABAB receptor antagonists could contribute to their pharmacological characteristics and might be of interest for potential clinical implication.
3
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Effects of cholinesterase inhibitor metrifonate on naive rats and rats with a model of hypoxia-induced impaired memory

81%
Dimitrova D., Getova D., Belovezdov V.
Open Medicine
|
2007
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vol. 2
|
issue 4
430-446
EN
Cholinesterase inhibitors are currently used in the therapy of different kind of dementia to improve brain memory functions. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor metrifonate was studied in naive rats and in rats with a model of sodium nitrite-induced hypoxia. One active avoidance test and in two passive avoidance tests were used. In the active avoidance test metrifonate increased the number of avoidances during the learning session only. In both passive avoidance tests, metrifonate prolonged latency differently during the learning session and in short-term or in long-term memory retention. Hypoxic rats showed lower numbers of avoidances in learning and memory retention sessions. Metrifonate increased the number of avoidances during the learning session for hypoxic rats. In the step-through passive avoidance test, metrifonate increased the latency of reactions in the learning session and in long-term memory retention tests. In the step-down passive avoidance test, the groups with hypoxia and metrifonate did not change the latency of reaction in the learning and long-term memory retention sessions, but increased the latency of reactions in the short-term memory retention test. Morphological data showed a significant impaired neuronal structure in a CA1 zone of the hippocampus in hypoxic rats and a tendency to preserving in rats treated with metrifonate. Our results suggest that metrifonate improves cognitive functions in naive and in hypoxic rats.
4
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Comparative X-Ray study of galantamine and tacrine on the evacuatory function of rat gastrointestinal tract

71%
Kristev A., Sirakov V., Turiiski V., Getova D., Velkova K.
Open Medicine
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2008
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vol. 3
|
issue 1
47-53
EN
A The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors galantamine and tacrine are used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. However, these compounds also affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here, we compared and analyzed both the effects of galantamine-and tacrine on the evacuatory kinetics of the GI tract in rats. Rats were untreated (n=15) or treated with galantamine (one daily dose of 1 mg/kg per os for 21 days; n=17) or tacrine (one daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg per os for 21 days; n=13) and evacuatory kinetics were assessed using radiological methods. Galantamine initially slowed and then accelerated evacuation, which is characteristic of the majority of cholinesterase inhibitors and is a result of the endogenous acetylcholine accumulated in the GI tissues. In the tacrine-treated rats the contrast medium was kept in the stomach and cecum and its evacuation time was reliably increased. These results indicate that when administered for 20 days, galantamine and tacrine have different effects on motor and evacuatory function in the GI tract of rats, because at certain levels of the tract the tacrine-action is dominated by specific non-cholinergic and non-anticholinesterase mechanisms.
5
Content available remote

Comparing hyoscine and drotaverine effects on colon in CT colonography

52%
Kristev A., Sirakov N., Getova D., Katcarov V., Sirakov V., Stefanov R., Turiiski V., Velkova K.
Open Medicine
|
2011
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vol. 6
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issue 2
234-242
EN
Hyoscine and drotaverine effectiveness was compared for the purposes of achieving optimum distension following insufflation in CT colonography. The in vitro effects of hyoscine and drotaverine on tone and contractility of SM preparations isolated from different areas of human colon were studied by isometric registration of contractile activity. Both medications have a relaxing effect on SM preparations and inhibit their spontaneous contractions. The drotaverine-induced effects were reliably more marked than the hyoscine-induced ones. CT colonography was performed in 70 patients who were injected with equal doses of either hyoscine (n=32) or drotaverine (n=38). The degree of drug-induced distension in both groups was determined by measuring the lumen of the colon on a 2D reconstruction. In most colon areas the width of the distended lumen was greater in the drotaverine-treated patients. We concluded that drotaverine can be used as a means to facilitate colonic distension.
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