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1
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Determination of Submonolayer Coverages Using Auger Escape Depths

100%
Godowski P., Hardegree E.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1994
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vol. 85
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issue 5
843-848
EN
A simple method for determining submonolayer adsorbate coverages by means of Auger electron spectroscopy is presented. The procedure is based on the ratio of low to high kinetic energy Auger signals from the substrate alone, therefore it does not require a direct measurement of adsorbate peaks. It may be of special interest in cases where the adsorbate signal is difficult or impossible to measure, as well as when adsorbate and substrate peaks overlap or when peaks are absent (H or He) or of low intensity. The method is tested by quantification of sulphur layer on the Ni(001) and on the polycrystalline iron surface.
2
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Work Function of Vicinal Copper Surfaces

100%
Godowski P., Onsgaard J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2013
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vol. 123
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issue 1
115-117
EN
Relative work functions of vicinal surfaces to the (100) plane copper surface were determined from the Δ ϕ changes during adsorption of potassium. The initial value of the work function of the different planes was determined from its saturation value under the condition that it corresponds to the potassium overlayer of the same structure and density. It was found that the work function decreases linearly with step density for this step orientation.
3
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Photoemission Study of Co Adsorbed on K/Cu(110). Analysis of Adsorbate Induced Structures

81%
Godowski P., Onsgaard J., Christensen S., Nerlov J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1996
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vol. 89
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issue 5-6
657-664
EN
Improved adsorption characteristics of a K predosed Cu(110) surface with a coverage corresponding to a point before the work function minimum have been confirmed. Analysis of the CO-induced orbitals in the photoelectron spectra of the CO/K/Cu(110) interface for low coverages of carbon monoxide adsorbed at 118 K has been done. Noticeable changes of the parameters of the orbitals with increasing CO coverage have been registered. Elongation of the C-O bond without dissociation of the molecule has been deduced from the energetic separation of 3.4 eV between the 4σ and the 1π orbital. A weakening of the CO-interface bond with coverage has been found on the base of decreasing 5σ-1π separation with increasing 4σ/5σ intensity ratio. Perpendicular orientation of CO molecules to the plane of the substrate surface has been concluded from analysis of the constant initial state spectra of the 4σ and 5σ/1π orbitals.
4
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Thermal Desorption of Au from W(001) Surface

81%
Błaszczyszyn R., Chrzanowski J., Godowski P.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2002
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vol. 102
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issue 6
785-794
EN
Adsorption of Au on W(001) at 450 K up to multilayer structures was investigated. Temperature programmed desorption technique was used in determination of coverage dependent desorption energy (region up to one monolayer). Results were discussed in terms of competitive interactions of Au-Au and Au-W atoms. Simple procedure for prediction of faceting behavior on the interface, basing on the desorption data, was postulated. It was deduced that the Au/W(001) interface should not show faceting tendency after thermal treatment.
5
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Adsorption Properties of the Cu(115) Surface: Basic Interfaces

81%
Godowski P., Groso A., Hoffmann S., Onsgaard J.
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issue 6
928-935
EN
The interfaces: K/Cu(115) and CO/Cu(115) have been characterized using surface sensitive techniques, including low energy electron diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy. K adatoms show tendency to occupy the sites close to the step edges. At low temperature (near 125 K), after completion of two layers, potassium grows in 3D islands (the Stranski-Krastanov mode). At higher temperature, e.g. at room temperature, potassium introduces reconstruction of the substrate even at low coverages. Calibration of the alkali coverage, up to completion of the first layer, using the work function changes curve has been confirmed as a very convenient and precise procedure. The adsorbed state of CO at 130 K has been identified by registration of core levels obtained by the use synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. The characteristics of the main 1s and satellite peaks have been analyzed in context of substrate geometry and compared with the ones of other copper planes. There are no indications of dissociative adsorption of CO, only residual carbon and oxygen were found after adsorbate desorption around 220 K. CO molecules show a strong tendency to "on top" adsorption in sites far from the step edges of the Cu(115) surface.
6
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Photoemission Study of CO_{2} adsorbed on K/Cu(110). Analysis of Adsorbate Induced Structures

81%
Godowski P., Onsgaard J., Hoffmann S., Nerlov J.
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vol. 95
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issue 3
423-431
EN
Using photoemission spectroscopy, adsorption and reaction of CO_{2} on potassium modified Cu(110) were studied. In agreement with published results of thermally programmed desorption, apart from carbonate and carbon monoxide as the disproportionation reaction products, a linear CO_{2} molecule and a bent active CO_{2}(-) species were identified. The reaction paths are independent on the potassium precoverage but the number of CO_{3} molecules increases with the number of potassium adatoms. The presence of the CO_{2}(-), stable up to 200 K, suitable for the reactivity of the interface in respect of the methanol synthesis, could be confirmed in the complex valence band spectra by occurrence of the characteristic peak at binding energy of 6.8 eV.
7
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Surface Segregation of CoPt Polycrystalline Alloy

81%
Godowski P., Ohgi T., Fujita D.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2003
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vol. 104
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issue 1
35-44
EN
Composition-depth profiling using different emission angles of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed surface enhancement of platinum concentration of the CoPt(30at%) alloy extensively annealed to 1000~K in ultrahigh vacuum. The results are compared with theoretical predictions basing on models with no crystal face dependence.
8
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Photoemission Study of the Initial Growth of Co on Ru(0001)

71%
Godowski P., Onsgaard J., Trzebiatowska-Gusowska M., Pater K., Li Z.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2007
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vol. 111
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issue 2
263-271
EN
The growth process of cobalt on Ru(0001) was characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy excited by X-ray and synchrotron radiation. The binding energy position and intensity of the Co 2p_{3/2} and Ru 3d_{5/2} core levels as well as the shape and structure of the valence band spectra corresponding to the different stages of the deposition were investigated. An observed small positive binding energy shift is a consequence of an increase in the cobalt adatoms coordination number. The core-level shift between bulk and surface Ru atoms is determined as -360 meV. Upon adsorption of cobalt, the interface peak appears with a shift of -(70÷80) meV relative to the bulk one. On the basis of unchanged energy positions and widths of the Ru-derived features of the valence band spectra, a weak interaction between cobalt and substrate is suggested. The measured valence band could be reproduced by superimposing the spectra of the pure elements.
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