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Solanina i chakonina - główne glikoalkaloidy ziemniaka uprawnego (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

100%
Sołtys D.
Kosmos
|
2013
|
vol. 62
|
issue 1
129-138
PL
Solanina i chakonina są głównymi glikoalkaloidami ziemniaka uprawnego, potocznie zwanymi całkowitymi glikoalkaloidami (TGA). Ich synteza i kumulacja przebiega we wszystkich organach rośliny. W bulwach, najwięcej TGA zlokalizowanych jest w obrębie 1,5 mm warstwy perydermy. Całkowite glikoalkaloidy wpływają przede wszystkim na odporność rośliny na patogeny i szkodniki. Zbyt wysoka zawartość TGA w spożywanych przez konsumentów bulwach, może stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla zdrowia człowieka. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi przegląd dostępnej literatury, dotyczący syntezy, rozkładu, zawartości oraz właściwości toksycznych TGA obecnych w ziemniaku uprawnym.
EN
Potato contains two major steroidal glycoalkaloids, solanine and chaconine, also called "total glycoalkaloids" (TGA). Total glycoalkaloids accumulate in all plant organs, including tubers. These glycoalkaloids are mainly responsible for plant resistance to herbivores, as well as diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. They may also affect human health. That is why attention was also paid to toxic effects of TGA's overdoses after tubers consumption. In this review, the most important information about synthesis, degradation, occurrence and toxical properties of TGA are described.
2
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Autotoksyczność roślin jako przykład oddziaływań allelopatycznych

51%
Sołtys D., Dębska K., Bogatek R., Gniazdowska A.
Kosmos
|
2010
|
vol. 59
|
issue 3-4
551-566
EN
Autotoxicity is a type of intraspecific allelopathy (autoallelopathy), caused through the release into the environment compounds, which belong to secondary metabolites. Autotoxicity is observed in natural environment and in agroecosystems. It causes both, beneficial and negative effects. Autoallelopathy allows plants to survive by avoiding intra-competition. On the other hand, it is a serious economical problem. Accumulation of autotoxins in the soil causes soil sickness, and results in negative effects on plant photosynthesis, respiration, hormonal balance or ion uptake and finally led to increase in yield losses. Some species developed mechanisms to avoid autotoxicity by sequestration of the toxic compounds in cell compartments or by binding them in form of glycosides. The phenomenon of autotoxicity could be exploited also as weed management strategy.
3
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Sorgoleon - główny związek warunkujący potencjał allelopatyczny sorga (Sorghum spp.)

51%
Sołtys D., Gniazdowska A., Bogatek R.
Kosmos
|
2010
|
vol. 59
|
issue 3-4
567-580
EN
This paper presents principles of sorghum (Sorghum spp.) allelopathy and its importance in agro- ecosystems. Sorghum is cereal grain plant of the family Poaceae and one of the most important crops in the world. Sorghum produces a large variety of secondary metabolites that determine its high allelopathic potential. Most of them are classified as hydrophilic phenolic compounds. Mature root hairs of sorghum exude oily droplets, containing hydrophobic sorgoleone and its lipid resorcinol analogue. Sorgoleone mode of action in plants involves inhibition in photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport chain. Allelopathic properties of sorghum are successfully used in suppressing weed growth in integrated pest management system as a cover crop, green manure, sorghum water extract or as residue in non-tillage farming. In future sorgoleone may be used also as alternative, ecological herbicide.
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