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EN
Members of the Bcl-2 family are considered principal players in the cascade of events that activate or inhibit apoptosis. Recent evidence strongly supports fundamental role of Bcl-2 and related proteins in regulating ovarian cell death. This article will provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding Bcl-2 proteins in programmed cell death in development of the ovary and the postnatal ovarian cycles.
EN
Near the end of the growth phase, mammalian oocyte achieves competence to undergo three aspects of maturation, i.e. nuclear, cytoplasmic and genomic. All these processes are essential for the formation of an egg having the capacity for fertilization and development. This review will consider the aspects of molecular events during the process of nuclear maturation. Meiotic maturation of an oocyte is under the control of the cell cycle molecules, of which cAMP, MPF and MAP kinases seem to be the most important. The present findings regarding Ringo protein and cdc25b kinase as modulators of MPF activity and mechanism of MPF activation are discussed. Moreover, the roles of the FF-MAS, ribosomal S6 kinase p90rsk, POLO like kinases and the newly discovered proteins MISS and formin-2 are described.
EN
Near the end of the growth phase, mammalian oocyte achieves competence to undergo three aspects of maturation, i.e. nuclear, cytoplasmic and genomic. This review will consider some aspects of cytoplasmic and genomic maturation, as the nuclear maturation was already presented. The roles of the protein synthesis, bi-directional communication between oocyte and granulosa cells and calcium oscillations required for acquiring cytoplasmic maturation are discussed. The relevant information on genomic imprinting that causes functional differences between paternal and maternal genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development is reviewed. Moreover, the present findings regarding oocyte-specific genes required for expression of cytoplasmic and genomic competencies are described.
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