Body Dissatisfaction and Self-Esteem in Female Students Aged 9-15: the Effects of Age, Family Income, Body Mass Index Levels and Dance Practice

• Authors: Lilian A. Monteiro , Jefferson S. Novaes , Mara L. Santos , Helder M. Fernandes
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

This study aimed to analyze the effects of age, family income, body mass index and dance practice on levels of body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in female students. The sample consisted of 283 female subjects attending a public school with a mean age of 11.51±1.60 years and a mean body mass index of 18.72 kg/m2 (SD=3.32). The instruments used were the Body Dissatisfaction Scale for Adolescents and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, both of which showed good internal consistency (0.77 and 0.81, respectively). The tests were applied (two-factor ANOVA) to compare the students practicing and those not practicing dance; the differences in the levels of body dissatisfaction (p=0.104) and self-esteem (p=0.09) were considered significant. The results demonstrated that age negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction (r=-0.19; p<0.01) and that higher body mass index levels were associated with greater body dissatisfaction (r=0.15, p=0.016) and lower levels of self-esteem (r=-0.17, p<0.01) only in non-practitioners. The practice of dance had a significant effect on levels of body dissatisfaction (F=4.79; p=0.030; η2=0.02), but there was no significant difference in self-esteem (F=1.88; p=0.172; η2=0.02). It can be concluded that female children and adolescents practicing dance have higher self-esteem, and are more satisfied with their body weight and their appearance. Moreover, results showed that self-esteem and body dissatisfaction were influenced by the body mass index levels only in the nonpractitioners group.

Keywords

EN

dancers; body image; public school

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Journal of Human Kinetics
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 43
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 25-32

Dates

published

1 - 12 - 2014

online

11 - 12 - 2014

Contributors

author

Lilian A. Monteiro

• Research Center for Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, PORTUGAL.

author

Jefferson S. Novaes

• Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Physical Education - Graduate Program. Rio de Janeiro, RJ – BRAZIL
• PhD. Associate Professor Graduate Program in Physical Education Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – Rio de Janeiro Avenida Pau Brasil, 540 - Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro – Brasil. 21941-590 Phone: (55+21) 2598-1894

author

Mara L. Santos

• Research Center for Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, PORTUGAL.

author

Helder M. Fernandes

• Research Center for Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, PORTUGAL.

References

• Anschutz DJ, Engels RC, Becker ES, van Strien T. The bold and the beautiful. Influence of body size of televised media models on body dissatisfaction and actual food intake. Appetite, 2008; 51: 530-537[Crossref][WoS][PubMed]
• Campbell A, Hausenblas HA. Effects of exercise interventions on body image: a meta-analysis. J Health Psychol, 2009; 14: 780-793[PubMed][Crossref]
• Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ, 2000; 320: 1240-1243[Crossref][PubMed]
• Conde WL, Monteiro CA. Body mass index cutoff points for evaluation of nutritional status in Brazilian children and adolescents. J Pediatr, 2006; 82: 266-272[Crossref]
• Conti MA, Slater B, Latorre MRDO. Validity and reproducibility of Escala de Evaluación da Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes. Rev Saúde Públ, 2009; 43: 515-524
• Davis C, Kellett S, Beail N. Utility of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil, 2009; 114: 172-178[Crossref][PubMed]
• Esnaola I, Rodríguez A, Goñi A. Body dissatisfaction and perceived sociocultural pressures: gender and age differences. Salud Mental, 2010; 33: 21-29
• Forney KJ, Ward RM. Examining the moderating role of social norms between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in college students. Eat Behav, 2013; 14: 73-78[WoS][PubMed][Crossref]
• Greenberger E, Chen C, Dmitrieva J, Farruggia SP. Item-wording and the dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: do they matter? Pers Individ Dif, 2003; 35: 1241-1254
• Griffiths LJ, Parsons TJ, Hill AJ. Self-esteem and quality of life in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Obes, 2010; 5: 282-304[PubMed][Crossref]
• Gunnare NA, Silliman K, Morris MN. Accuracy of self-reported weight and role of gender, body mass index, weight satisfaction, weighing behavior, and physical activity among rural college students. Body Image, 2013; 10: 406-410[WoS][Crossref][PubMed]
• Hausenblas HA, Fallon EA. Exercise and body image: A meta-analysis. Psychol Health, 2006; 21: 33-47[Crossref]
• Huang C, Gao Z. Associations between students' situational interest, mastery experiences, and physical activity levels in an interactive dance game. Psychol Health Med, 2013; 18: 233-241[WoS][Crossref]
• Jordan ME, Lanham HJ, Crabtree BF, Nutting PA, Miller WL, Stange KC, McDaniel RR, Jr. The role of conversation in health care interventions: enabling sensemaking and learning. Implement Sci, 2009; 4: 15[PubMed][Crossref][WoS]
• Kenyon DB, Fulkerson JA, Kaur H. Food hiding and weight control behaviors among ethnically diverse, overweight adolescents. Associations with parental food restriction, food monitoring, and dissatisfaction with adolescent body shape. Appetite, 2009; 52: 266-272[WoS][PubMed][Crossref]
• Kruger J, Lee CD, Ainsworth BE, Macera CA. Body size satisfaction and physical activity levels among men and women. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2008; 16: 1976-1979[Crossref]
• Lindwall M, Asci H, Hagger MS. Factorial validity and measurement invariance of the Revised Physical Self- Perception Profile (PSPP-R) in three countries. Psychol Health Med, 2011; 16: 115-128[Crossref][WoS][PubMed]
• Mullen SP, Gothe NP, McAuley E. Evaluation of the Factor Structure of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in Older Adults. Pers Individ Dif, 2013; 54: 153-157[WoS]
• Murrock CJ, Madigan E. Self-efficacy and social support as mediators between culturally specific dance and lifestyle physical activity. Res Theory Nurs Pract, 2008; 22: 192-204[Crossref][PubMed]
• Nordin-Bates SM, Walker IJ, Baker J, Garner J, Hardy C, Irvine S, Jola C, Laws H, Blevins P. Injury, Imagery, and Self-esteem in Dance Healthy Minds in Injured Bodies? J Dance Med Sci, 2011; 15: 76-85
• O'Neill JR, Pate RR, Beets MW. Physical activity levels of adolescent girls during dance classes. J Phys Act Health, 2012; 9: 382-388
• Pickard A, Bailey R. Crystallising experiences among young elite dancers. Sport Educ Soc, 2009; 14: 165-181[Crossref][WoS]
• Pinheiro AP, Giugliani ERJ. Body dissatisfaction in Brazilian schoolchildren: prevalence and associated factors. Rev Saúde Públ, 2006; 40: 489-496[Crossref]
• Raustorp A, Stahle A, Gudasic H, Kinnunen A, Mattsson E. Physical activity and self-perception in school children assessed with the Children and Youth--Physical Self-Perception Profile. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2005; 15: 126-134[PubMed][Crossref]
• Schneider S, Weiss M, Thiel A, Werner A, Mayer J, Hoffmann H, Diehl K. Body dissatisfaction in female adolescents: extent and correlates. Eur J Pediatr, 2013; 172: 373-384[PubMed][Crossref][WoS]
• Scriven A, Stiddard L. Empowering schools: translating health promotion principles into practice. Health Educ, 2003; 103: 110-118[Crossref]
• Spresser CD, Keune KM, Filion DL, Lundgren JD. Self-report and startle-based measures of emotional reactions to body image cues as predictors of Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction in female college students. Body Image, 2012; 9: 298-301[PubMed][WoS][Crossref]
• Vaquero-Cristobal R, Alacid F, Muyor JM, Lopez-Minarro PA. Body image; literature review. Nutr Hosp, 2013; 28: 27-35[WoS]
• Varnes JR, Stellefson ML, Janelle CM, Dorman SM, Dodd V, Miller MD. A systematic review of studies comparing body image concerns among female college athletes and non-athletes, 1997-2012. Body Image, 2013; 10: 421-432[WoS]
• Zimprich D, Perren S, Hornung R. A two-level confirmatory factor analysis of a modified Rosenberg selfesteem scale. Educ Psychol Meas, 2005; 65: 465-481 [Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/hukin-2014-0086