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Number of results
2014 | 14 | 3 | 175–180

Article title

Rola aktywności ruchowej w zapobieganiu zaburzeniom poznawczym

Content

Title variants

EN
Role of physical activity in preventing cognitive disorders

Languages of publication

EN PL

Abstracts

EN
Regular physical activity induces a range of adjustment changes, particularly in the circulatory system and metabolism. Numerous publications on single exertion and increased physical activity more and more frequently confirm their positive influence on the shaping of cognitive functions. Anatomic and functional changes, such as increased cerebral blood flow, angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well as increased volume of the grey matter in the frontal and temporal cortices, are the basis of this positive influence. Physical exertion stimulates the production of trophic factors, among which the brain-derived neurotrophic factors and insulin-like growth factors are crucial for cognitive processes, synaptic plasticity as well as for the improvement of the neurogenesis signalling pathways and vascular functioning. Physical activity induces enhanced expansion of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This has a positive influence on energy processes and activates numerous cerebral energy centres which positively modify the synaptic potential for processing information that is important for developing cognitive functions. Exertion reduces inflammation by decreasing the blood concentration of proinflammatory cytokines that can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, it reduces metabolic syndrome risk factors, particularly hypertension and insulin resistance thus decreasing the risk of cognitive dysfunctions, improving brain functioning, delaying the onset and decelerating the development of disorders in neurodegenerative syndromes, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Taking these mechanisms into consideration, it seems that physical activity is indispensable for maintaining normal cognitive functions at any age.
PL
Regularna aktywność ruchowa wywołuje szereg zmian adaptacyjnych, zwłaszcza w układzie krążenia i przemianie materii. W licznych pracach na temat pojedynczego wysiłku i wzmożonej aktywności fizycznej pojawia się coraz więcej potwierdzeń ich korzystnego wpływu na kształtowanie funkcji poznawczych. U podstaw mechanizmów związanych z tym wpływem leżą zmiany anatomiczne i funkcjonalne, m.in. zwiększenie przepływu krwi przez mózg, angiogenezy i neurogenezy, objętości istoty szarej w korze czołowej i skroniowej. Wysiłek pobudza wydzielanie czynników troficznych, wśród których dla procesów poznawczych, plastyczności synaptycznej, poprawy szlaków sygnałowych neurogenezy i funkcji naczyniowych kluczowe są czynnik troficzny pochodzenia mózgowego i insulinopodobny czynnik wzrostowy. Aktywność ruchowa wywołuje wzmożoną ekspresję czynnika troficznego pochodzenia mózgowego, co pozytywnie wpływa na procesy energetyczne i aktywuje w mózgu wiele układów energetycznych, które korzystnie modyfikują potencjał synaptyczny przetwarzania informacji ważnych w kształtowaniu funkcji poznawczych. Wysiłek redukuje stan zapalny przez obniżenie we krwi stężenia cytokin prozapalnych, mogących się przyczyniać do rozwoju procesów neurodegeneracyjnych. Redukuje czynniki ryzyka zespołu metabolicznego, a zwłaszcza nadciśnienie i insulinooporność, więc zmniejsza ryzyko wystąpienia zaburzeń czynności poznawczych, poprawia funkcjonowanie mózgu, opóźnia początek i spowalnia rozwój zaburzeń w chorobach neurodegeneracyjnych, a wśród nich w chorobie Alzheimera i chorobie Parkinsona. Za sprawą wymienionych mechanizmów aktywność ruchowa wydaje się niezbędna do zachowania prawidłowych funkcji poznawczych w każdym wieku.

Discipline

Year

Volume

14

Issue

3

Pages

175–180

Physical description

Contributors

  • Zakład Fizjologii Stosowanej, Instytut Medycyny Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej im. M. Mossakowskiego, Polska Akademia Nauk

References

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Document Type

article

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-ae118ee4-e7c3-4960-978d-041f2d5ce65a
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