Próby wykorzystania komórek macierzystych w terapii wybranych chorób układu nerwowego

• Authors: Magdalena Justyna Kacperska , Dominika Książek-Winiarek , Karol Jastrzębski , Andrzej Głąbiński

Title variants

EN

The attempts to use stem cells in the therapy of selected disorders of the nervous system

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Do drugiej połowy XX wieku panował pogląd, że po okresie rozwoju ośrodkowy układ nerwowy pozbawiony jest jakiejkolwiek zdolności regeneracyjnej, a neurogeneza (neurogenesis, „narodziny neuronów”) wieku dorosłego (postnatalnego) z całą pewnością nie istnieje. Odkrycie w dojrzałym mózgu aktywnych proliferacyjnie nerwowych komórek macierzystych (neural stem cells, NSCs) otworzyło nowe możliwości między innymi dla neurologii. Proces neurogenezy osób dorosłych jest unikatowym zjawiskiem i odgrywa znaczącą rolę w różnych procesach. Wiele obserwacji wskazuje także na to, że proces neurogenezy może wspomagać odpowiedź formacji hipokampa na stres i zapobiegać między innymi wystąpieniu depresji. W chwili obecnej w mózgu dorosłych ssaków zidentyfikowano trzy obszary, gdzie mają miejsce procesy proliferacji komórkowej. Są to: strefa przykomorowa (subventricular zone, SVZ), strefa przyziarnista (subgranular zone, SGZ) oraz tylna strefa okołokomorowa (posterior periventricular area, PPv). Tkanką podlegającą bardzo sprawnej regeneracji jest układ krwionośny. Jest to przeciwieństwo układu nerwowego, który przez to, że jest bardzo skomplikowanym systemem biologicznym pod względem cytoarchitektury, sieci neuronalnej, lokalizacji ośrodków funkcjonalnych oraz integracji, posiada słabą zdolność do regeneracji. Zaburzenia tak złożonego systemu są widoczne w takich schorzeniach ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, jak: stwardnienie rozsiane, udar niedokrwienny mózgu, choroba Alzheimera, choroba Parkinsona, stwardnienie zanikowe boczne czy guzy mózgu. Naukowcy nie poprzestali na identyfikacji komórek macierzystych w mózgu, prowadzonych jest obecnie wiele badań poświęconych potencjalnemu wykorzystaniu komórek macierzystych o różnym pochodzeniu w nowych terapiach regeneracyjnych chorób ośrodkowego układu nerwowego.

EN

Until the second half of the twentieth century there was a view that central nervous system, after its evolution, was unable to any further regeneration. Moreover, it was said that neurogenesis (the development of nerve tissues) of an adult (postnatal) did not exist. However, in the course of time, some findings indicated that the process of new neurons was continuously formed in mature brains of primates as well as human beings. A breakthrough discovery of active, proliferating neural stem cells existing in a fully developed brain has given grave possibilities to modern neuroscience. The process of neurogenesis among adults is an extraordinary phenomenon. It plays an important role in a few processes. There is also evidence that neurogenesis may help answer the hippocampus to stress and prevent any onset of depression. Nowadays, it is identified to be three areas in the adult mammalian brain where processes of cell proliferation take place. These areas are: subventricular zone (SVZ), subgranular zone (SGZ) and posterior periventricular area (PPv). By excessive formating new tissues circulatory system is the opposite to the nervous system. Although the latter is the complex biological system with its cytostructure, neural network, the location of the functional centers and its integration it has a poor ability to regeneration. Because of the complexity of the central nervous system a few disorders can be distinguished such as: multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or brain tumors. At present stem cells are matters of interest to scientists. Not only are stem cells being observed by researchers but also they are to be conducted studies on. The end result of these findings could be primarily usable for CNS regenerative therapies.

Keywords

EN

central nervous system; komórki macierzyste; neurogenesis; neurogeneza; ośrodkowy układ nerwowy; pozyskiwanie komórekmacierzystych; regeneracja; regeneration; stem cell isolation; stem cells

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Aktualności Neurologiczne
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 13
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 145–156

Contributors

author

Magdalena Justyna Kacperska

• Klinika Neurologii i Epileptologii z Oddziałem Udarowym, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi

author

Dominika Książek-Winiarek

• Klinika Neurologii i Epileptologii z Oddziałem Udarowym, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi

author

Karol Jastrzębski

• Klinika Neurologii i Epileptologii z Oddziałem Udarowym, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi

author

Andrzej Głąbiński

• Klinika Neurologii i Epileptologii z Oddziałem Udarowym, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi

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