Rola wybranych czynników ryzyka w etiopatogenezie i przebiegu choroby Alzheimera

• Authors: Robert Dudkowiak

Title variants

EN

The role of selected risk factors in the aetiology and the course of Alzheimer’s disease

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Choroba Alzheimera (Alzheimer’s disease, AD) stanowi jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn otępienia w wieku starszym. Ma charakter postępujący i prowadzi do stopniowej degeneracji mózgu. Zapadalność na AD wzrasta wraz z wiekiem. Etiologia choroby jest wieloczynnikowa. Składają się na nią interakcje pomiędzy czynnikami genetycznymi a środowiskowymi, w tym m.in. stylem życia, dietą, aktywnością fizyczną i nałogami. Uważa się, że sposób odżywiania zbliżony w składzie do diety śródziemnomorskiej ma ochronne działanie i sprzyja długotrwałemu życiu w zdrowiu. Podwyższone stężenie homocysteiny oraz obniżone stężenie witaminy B12 może pośrednio wpływać na rozwój AD. Natomiast zwiększone spożycie kwasu foliowego, witaminy C i E może działać ochronnie. Niekorzystny wpływ na rozwój AD odnotowano zarówno w przypadku zbyt dużej masy ciała, jak i w przebiegu niedożywienia. Podkreśla się również związek pomiędzy naczyniopochodnym uszkodzeniem mózgu a rozwojem otępienia. Przemawia za tym fakt, że odpowiednia dieta, prawidłowy stan odżywienia, brak cukrzycy, unikanie palenia papierosów oraz zwrócenie uwagi na aktywność fizyczną odgrywają istotną rolę w zapobieganiu nie tylko chorobom układu sercowo-naczyniowego, ale także AD. Dane epidemiologiczne dowodzą, iż wraz ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa częstość występowania AD będzie wzrastać, tym samym zwiększy się liczba osób niezdolnych do samodzielnego funkcjonowania. Następstwem tego będzie wzrost obciążeń medycznych, kulturowych i ekonomicznych całego społeczeństwa. Dlatego znaczenie poszczególnych czynników ryzyka AD powinno być nadal zgłębiane, a skuteczna profilaktyka wprowadzana już we wczesnym okresie życia.

EN

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among elderly. It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease. Morbidity of AD rises with age. Aetiology of AD is multifactorial and it compounds of genetics and environmental factors including general lifestyles, diet, physical activity smoking and alcohol abuse. It is believed that a diet similar in composition to the Mediterranean diet has a protective effect and promotes a long life in health. Hyperhomocysteinemia and a diet deficient in B12 is indirectly associated with AD. On the other hand, supplementation of vitamins C, E and folate in diet can be protective from AD. Both, obesity and undernutrition, can increase the risk of development of AD. The importance of correlation between vascular disease of the brain and dementia is undeniable. It is supported by the fact that appropriate diet, proper nutritional status, absence of diabetes, avoiding smoking and attention to physical activity play an important role not only in preventing cardiovascular diseases, but also the AD. Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of AD will continue to rise along with aging population, which will increase the amount of disable people due to AD impacting medical, cultural and economic aspects of the society. Therefore the role of individual factors should have been investigated still and prophylactic activities must have been introduced in the early age.

Keywords

EN

Alzheimer’s disease; addiction; aktywność fizyczna; choroba Alzheimera; czynniki ryzyka; diet; dieta; nałogi; physical activity; risk factors

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Aktualności Neurologiczne
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 13
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 109–118

Contributors

author

Robert Dudkowiak

• Zakład Dietetyki, Katedra Gastroenterologii i Hepatologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu

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