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2013 | 16 | 1 | 7-15

Article title

Narażenie środowiskowe i wpływ na zdrowie dzieci chemikaliów zawartych w materiałach plastykowych – wyzwania także dla pediatrów

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Title variants

EN
Environmental risk and influence of chemicals from plastic materials on children’s health – the challenge also for paediatricians

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
Powszechny kontakt ze sztucznie wytworzonymi plastykami
stwarza narażenie toksykologiczne, szczególnie w okresie
prenatalnym i dla małego dziecka. Narażenie to występuje
przez kontakt z ksenogenicznymi substancjami znajdującymi
się w pokarmie matki i pożywieniu, w wodzie, powietrzu,
przez kontakt z plastykami, kosmetykami. Zawarte w plastykach
dysruptory neuro- i endokrynne przechodzą przez
łożysko, mogą być przyczyną zaburzeń hormonalnych płodu,
neurologicznych i metabolicznych, głównie o charakterze
estrogennym. Do dysruptorów neuroendokrynnych zalicza
się bisfenol A (BPA) pochodzący głównie z plastyków polichlorobifenylowych
(PCB), także obecny np. w butelkach
polikarbonowych.
Ftalany są to sole i estry kwasu ftalowego (ftalan di-2-
etyloheksylowy DEHP), dioktylowy (DOP), ftalan diizononylowy
(DINP), diizodecylowy (DIDP), diizobutylowy
(DIBP), di-n-butylowy (DBP) oraz benzobutylowy (BBP). Są
to plastyfikatory mas plastykowych.
Uniepalniacze bromowane np. PBDE (Polybrominated
Diphenyl Ether) to jeden z wielu rodzajów uniepalniaczy –
jest dodawany do poliuretanowych pianek, HBCD (hexabromocyclododecane),
który jest używany m.in. w polistyrenowych
izolacjach cieplnych.
Fluoropolimery (Perfluorinated compounds, PFC) – z kilkuset
związków najbardziej używany jest PFOS (perfuorooctan
sulfonate) oraz PFOA (kwas perfuorooctanowy do
materiałów wodo-tłuszczo-żaroodpornych), natomiast polytetrafluorethylen
(PTFE) jest znany jako teflon albo Goretex.
Stwierdzono toksyczność ksenogenicznych chemikaliów
u zwierząt. Trwa dyskusja nad szkodliwością tych chemikaliów
dla ludzi, chociaż wskazują na to badania epidemiologiczne
i związek z zaburzeniami neurologicznymi jak zaburzenia
zachowania, związek z otyłością, cukrzycą,
z przyspieszeniem rozwoju płciowego dziewczynek, być
może z osłabieniem odporności poszczepiennej.
Wiedza o chemicznych zagrożeniach środowiskowych
jest podstawą do racjonalnego zachowania się, aby zmniejszyć
ekspozycję, jest także elementem promocji zdrowia
w dziedzinie na ogół mało znanej lekarzom, jednak o zwiększającym
się znaczeniu we współczesnym świecie.
EN
Chemicals artificially synthesized and leaching into
a common environment are a toxicological risk particularly
in prenatal period and in early childhood. The risk exists
due to the contact with xenogenic substances from maternal
breast milk and other food, polluted air and water, plastic
materials, cosmetics. All endocrine and neurological disruptors
(EDC) pass across placenta, then can cause hormonal,
neurological or metabolic disorders mainly due to estrogenic
action. Bisphenol A is one of endocrine disruptors leaching
from polychlorobiphenyl plastic (PCB), present commonly
in baby polycarbonate bottles.
Phtalates like DEHP, DOP, DINP, DIDP, DIPB, DBP or
BBP are used as plasticizers making plastics softer and more
flexible. Flame retardants f, ex, PBDE (polybrominated
diphenyleter) are added to polyurethane foams, and HBCD
(hexabromocyclododecane) is a compound of polystyrene
electric insulation.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFC) are some hundreds substancies
and mostly used is PFOS (Perfluoroacetate
sulphonate) and PFOA (perfluoroacetic acid) repelling water,
grease and dirt; they are used as impregnating and cleaning
agents, and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylen) known as Teflon
or Goretex.
The toxicity of xenogens for experimental animals is
confirmed., but a harmful effect on humans is still discussed what is based only on epidemiological but not experimental
studies. Epidemiological studies link human EDC exposure
with hormonal, neurological and behavioural distorders
f.ex. early maturation of girls, obesity, metabolic syndrome,
and type 2 diabetes, and likely weakening of postvaccinal
immunity.
The awareness on environmental risks is essential for
rationale behaviour diminishing the exposition and also
being an important element of contemporary health promotion.

Contributors

  • Instytut Medycyny Pracy i Zdrowia Środowiskowego w Sosnowcu

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Document Type

review

Publication order reference

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YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-24db9912-7cfb-4a43-8619-8addfd315482
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