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Determination of antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous stem extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) against common bacteria

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Mohammadbasheer F. O., Ahmad H. K.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2024
|
vol. 53
108-119
EN
ABSTRACT The Lamiaceae plant species Ocimum gratissimum is the subject of this experiment. Three common pathogenic bacteria were used to test the antibacterial activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stem of Ocimum gratissimum. They underwent tests against Shigella species, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Each extract was evaluated for its antibacterial properties, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The plant extracts were given at various concentrations of 250 mg/mL, 125 mg/mL, 61.5 mg/mL, and 31.2 mg/mL in order to assess their antibacterial activities against the chosen bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. The outcomes demonstrated that while both plant stem extracts inhibited the organisms, the ethanolic stem extract was superior to the aqueous counterpart in terms of its effectiveness. The range of the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was 3.96 mg/mL to 31.25 mg/mL. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the stems of Ocimum gratissimum possess antibacterial properties on par with those of the plant's leaves. The low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) further suggest a potent antibacterial action against the pathogens, especially when it comes to the ethanol extracts. As a result, Ocimum gratissimum extracts may be utilized to treat infections linked to the test organisms, establishing the plant's status as a natural antibiotic and a necessary ingredient in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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