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1

The conditionings and consequences of cardiac alternations in patients with end-stage renel disease on maintenance hemodialysis

100%
Zabicka H.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1996
|
vol. 50
|
issue 3
277-291
EN
The arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fluid overload, electrolytic disorders, the presence of arteriovenous fistula and secundary hyperparathyroidism are the most essential causative factors in cardiac pathology of uremic patients. Apart from that, hemodialysis itself is not an indifferent factor. The cardiac consequences consist in prevalence of hypertrophy or dilatation of the heart including valvular annuli or sheer myocardial calcifications and even the aquired heart diseases. Their coexistence with ischaemic heart disease, systolic and especially diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle may jeopardise life.
2
Content available remote

Spermine protects in vivo the antioxidant enzymes in transiently hypoperfused rat brain

100%
Farbiszewski R., Bielawski K., Bielawska A., Sobaniec W.
|
1995
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vol. 55
|
issue 4
253-258
3
Content available remote

Motion sensitivity in cat?s superior colliculus: contribution of different visual processing channels to response properties of collicular neurons

100%
Waleszczyk W. J., Wang C., Benedek G., Burke W., Dreher B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2004
|
vol. 64
|
issue 2
209-228
EN
It is well established that neurons in the retinorecipient layers of superior colliculus (SC), the mammalian homologue of the optic tectum of other vertebrates, are extremely sensitive to moving stimuli. In our studies we have distinguished several functionally distinct groups of neurons in the retinorecipient layers of the SC of the cat on the basis of their velocity response profiles. Our data revealed substantial convergence of the Y and non-Y information channels on single SC neurons. Second, using the method of selective conduction block of the Y-type fibers in one optic nerve we have shown that responses of SC cells to high-velocity motion are dependant on the integrity of Y-type input. Third, in order to determine the degree of influence of the X- and W-type input on cellular responses we have examined spatial and temporal frequency response profiles of single collicular neurons using sinusoidal gratings drifting in the preferred direction. At any given eccentricity, most collicular neurons exhibited a preference for relatively very low spatial frequencies. The preference for low spatial frequencies combined with temporal frequency profiles of collicular neurons suggests that the Y and W-type inputs constitute the major functional inputs to the retinorecipient layers of the SC and that the 'top-down' X-type input from the visual cortex has only a minor impact on the spatio-temporal frequency response profiles of collicular receptive fields.
4

C-banding karyotype and relationship of the dipodids Allactaga and Jaculus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Egypt

100%
Shahin A. A. B., Ata A. T. M.
Folia Biologica
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 1-2
25-31
EN
The C-banding karyotype of the jerboas Allactaga tetradactyla, Jaculus jaculus jaculus, and Jaculus orientalis was described and interspecific relationships were discussed. Despite the conservation of a relatively small amount of C-heterochromatin located at the centromeric region of some chromosomes in all karyotypes, a striking loss of C-heterochromatin was clearly observed in J. orientalis. C-bands were totally absent in 33 of the 48 chromosomes of J. orientalis, compared to only 7 for J. j. jaculus and 11 for A. tetradactyla. The differences in C-banding amongst karyotypes of the three species were attributed either to transformation of heterochromatin into euchromatin or vice versa, deletion of heterochromatic segments resulting from pericentric inversions, or to variation of euchromatin content and its correlation with the chromosome size and arrangement of heterochromatin. The present findings are consistent with the main hypotheses derived from morphological, chromosomal, and biochemical data that the genera Allactaga and Jaculus have independently developed from a common ancestral form and that J. jaculus and J. orientalis are both distinct congeneric species, but revealed that the C-banding karyotypes of both J. j. jaculus and J. orientalis are distantly related to each other. Therefore, it is concluded that the karyotype of J. j. jaculus may be ancestral and that of J. orientalis may have derived from it.
5
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Changes in short-term potentiation of hypoglossal activity by modulators of nitric oxide production in the rabbit

100%
Budzinska K., Wojtal E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
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vol. 61
|
issue 4
277-287
EN
Stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) causes a potentiation of hypoglossal nerve activity persisting after cessation of stimulation. The mechanism of this phenomenon is uncertain. We investigated a potential role of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in modulation of the after-effects of SLN stimulation on phrenic and hypoglossal activity in rabbits. L-Arginine, a substrate for NO synthesis and NG-Nitro-L-Arginine (L-NNA) an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), were administered systemically. L-Arginine and L-NNA alone caused small changes in respiratory activity. During pre-treatment with NO precursor the amplitude and duration of hypoglossal potentiation evoked by SLN stimulation were reduced. Systemic NO synthase inhibition partially reversed these effects of L-Arginine. The results showed that interference with NO production by NO substrate and NOS inhibitor modulates the effects of SLN stimulation on hypoglossal activity. Nitric oxide might be a negative modulator of the transmission of short-term potentiation (STP) in hypoglossal activity.
6

Mechanisms of activation, biological role and inhibitors of metalloproteases of extracellular matrix

100%
Gacko M.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
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vol. 55
|
issue 2
303-318
EN
Prometalloproteases are activated by serine proteases, MMP-3, leucocytic elastase, furin, furin-like proteases and by membrane-type metalloproteases as well. They form complex with some proMMPs and thus they modify their activation.
7
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Sources and mechanisms of cytoplasmic oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease

100%
Marlatt M., Lee H., Perry G., Smith M. A., Zhu X.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2004
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vol. 64
|
issue 1
81-87
EN
While evidence supports a pathogenic and proximal role for oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease, the causes and consequences of reactive oxygen species that promote oxidative damage have not been directly demonstrated. Co-incident with the reduced energy metabolism during the development of the disease, some of the key mitochondrial enzymes have shown deficient activity in AD neurons, which may lead to increased ROS production. However, we found that oxidative damage occurs primarily within the cytoplasm rather than in mitochondria. Given that SOD activity is increased in AD mitochondria and that metal ions such as iron and copper are enriched in susceptible neurons, we hypothesize that mitochondria, as a source, provide hydrogen peroxide, which, as an intermediate, once in the cytoplasm, will be converted into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals through Fenton reaction in the presence of metal ion and cause damage in cytoplasm.
8

Mechanisms of fatty acid uptake by tissues

100%
Synak M., Budohoski L.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2000
|
vol. 54
|
issue 6
797-818
EN
Fatty acids (FA) play an important role in energy metabolism. They are not only used as substrates for energy production but are also involved in many other metabolic pathways. However, the exact mechanisms by which FA are taken up by the cells are not yet fully understood. Fatty acids circulating in blood cross the cell membranes partly via a mechanism facilitated by plasma membrane proteins and partly via a passive diffusion mechanism, the former mechanism being of major importance.
9

A comparison of nucleic acid content in Balantidium coli, trophozoites from different isolates

100%
Skotarczak B., Zielinski R.
Folia Biologica
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1997
|
vol. 45
121-124
EN
Cytophotometric assays were performed on Balantidium coli trophozoites isolated from 30 pigs affected by acute balantidiasis (Group I) and from 30 pigs with symptom-free balantidiasis (Group II). Trophozoites from cultures obtained from Group I and II pig isolates were assayed for comparison. Comparative cytophotometric studies on nucleic acids of B.coli trophozoites isolated from acute and symptomless balantidiasis-affected pigs as well as from in vitro cultured trophozoites showed differences which could have resulted from diferences between populations in the trophozoans under investigation.
10
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Prenatal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs and spatial ability in adulthood

100%
Dessens A., Cohen-Kettenis P., Mellenbergh G., van_den_Poll N., Koppe J., Boer K.
|
|
vol. 58
|
issue 3
221-225
EN
By disturbing steroid hormone balances in the fetus, the anticonvulsant drugs phenobarbital and phenytoin may affect certain aspects of cognitive functioning. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied hormone related cognitive functioning in 72 men and 75 women who had been prenatally exposed to these drugs and equal numbers of matched control subjects. The groups did not differ on word fluency, dichotic listening and a Water Level Test. On Card Rotations, however, anticonvulsant-exposed males and females obtained significantly lower scores than control subjects. These results suggest that in both males and females prenatal exposure to phenobarbital and phenytoin may affect holistic spatial processing.
11

Cyclin-dependent kinases.From molecular biology to pathology

100%
Wolowiec D.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1995
|
vol. 49
|
issue 2
221-235
12
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St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) counteracts deleterious effects of the chronic restraint stress on recall in rats

100%
Trofimiuk E., Walesiuk A., Braszko J. J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 66
|
issue 2
129-138
EN
This study aimed at verifying a hypothesis that St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) alleviates stress-induced memory impairments. Administration of Hypericum perforatum (350 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days) significantly enhanced recall of passive avoidance behavior (PAB), but had no effect on the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs). Rats stressed chronically (2 h daily for 21 days) displayed diminished recall of the PAB and this effect was abolished by St John's wort. Chronic administration of the ?equivalent' to the stress dose of exogenous corticosterone (5 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days) also impaired recall of PAB, and this effect was also reversed by Hypericum perforatum. None of our treatments produced significant motor coordination impairments as tested in a ?chimney' test. It appears that H. perforatum prevents stress-induced deterioration of memory in rats.
13

Effect of thyroxine on some digestive enzymes of the adult male toad, Bufo melanostictus

100%
Bhattacharyya S. K., Chaki K. K., Miasrak K. K.
Folia Biologica
|
2002
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1-2
83-90
EN
Thyroxine is known to play an important role during the developmental process of amphibians. The present work is designed on the hypothesis that a functional relationship exists between the thyroid gland and digestive physiology in the adult toad. Three doses of thyroxine (25 mug/100 g; 50 mug/100 g; 100 mug/100 mug body weight) were orally dministered daily to the adult male toad, Bufo melanostictus and changes in -amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and esterase activities of the different zones of the digestive tract, pancreas and liver were observed. The observations were made on 7, 15, and 30 days of thyroxine treatment. The result shows that the dose of 25 mug increases the enzyme activities in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas of 7 days treatment. However, prolonged treatment with all the doses shows little effect on these enzymes. The pattern of changes in the enzymatic activities in the digestive tract of the adult male toads show more advanced compartmentalization than that of fishes. It is also found that site-specific enzyme production is not pronounced in this amphibious vertebrate. It is proposed that a positive functional relationship between thyroxine and digestive enzymes exists in the adult male toad.
14
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Homeodynamics versus homeostasis: periodicities superimposed on non-linear dynamic sympathetic tone generated in ventral medulla

100%
Trzebski A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1994
|
vol. 54
|
issue 2
109-125
15
Content available remote

Various strategies of forelimb movement during contact placing reactions elicited by tactile stimulation of the different aspects of a cat's paw

100%
Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1996
|
vol. 56
|
issue 4
907-918
EN
Forelimb trajectory and the activity of eight muscles operating at the elbow, wrist and digit joints were analyzed during contact placing (CP) reactions elicited by tactile stimuli applied to the lateral (L) or medial (M) side of the cat's forepaw to verify whether a common movement strategy was used in these reactions. A tactile stimulus applied to the lateral side of the paw led, most frequently, to a short-latency activation of the elbow flexor muscles and flexor carpi radialis. Stimulation of the medial side of the paw produced either a short-latency activation of the elbow flexors or both the elbow flexor and extensor muscles. At the distal joints it most frequently activated extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis muscles. Different patterns of activation of the muscles during LCP and MCP reactions led to a diverse involvement of elbow flexion and extension movements at the beginning of the reactions. LCP was usually initiated by the elbow flexion movement whereas during MCP reactions the elbow flexion often appeared with a delay due to a brief co-contraction of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles which temporarily locked the elbow joint. The latter reaction was initiated by a backward/upward movement at the proximal joints accompanied by an ulnar deviation and a palmar flexion of the paw. The medio-lateral components of the movement were also clearly different in LCP and MCP reactions, both at the proximal and distal joints. The results indicate that various strategies of movement are used in CP reactions depending on the site of tactile stimulation.
16

Investigations on the zooplankton in the Tatras

100%
Przybos E., Komala Z.
Folia Biologica
|
1995
|
vol. 43
|
issue 1-2
21-24
EN
The 14 lakes (habitats) on the southern slope of the Tatras were investigated with regard to the Paramecium aurelia species complex and other zooplankton.No species of the aurelia group were found.Impoverishment of the remaining zooplankton was noted.
17
Content available remote

Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): the three musketeers of glutamatergic system

100%
Liguz-Lecznar M., Skangiel-Kramska J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2007
|
vol. 67
|
issue 3
207-218
EN
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and glutamatergic transmission is critical for controlling neuronal activity. Glutamate is stored in synaptic vesicles and released upon stimulation. The homeostasis of glutamatergic system is maintained by a set of transporters present in plasma membrane and in the membrane of synaptic vesicles. The family of vesicular glutamate transporters in mammals is comprised of three highly homologous proteins: VGLUT1-3. The expression of particular VGLUTs is largely complementary with limited overlap and so far they are most specific markers for neurons that use glutamate as neurotransmitter. VGLUTs are regulated developmentally and determine functionally distinct populations of glutamatergic neurons. Controlling the activity of these proteins could potentially modulate the efficiency of excitatory neurotransmission. This review summarizes the recent knowledge concerning molecular and functional characteristic of vesicular glutamate transporters, their development, contribution to synaptic plasticity and their involvement in pathology of the nervous system.
18
Content available remote

Single-fibre electromyography SFEMG at different firing rates in myasthenia with and without thymoma

100%
Emeryk-Szajewska B., Rowinska K., Michalska T., Strugalska H.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1993
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1
305-311
EN
The single fibre EMG differences during motor axonal stimulation at different firing rates were studied in myasthenic patients:15 with, and 15 without thymoma. 10 healthy volunteers were also examined. Conventional repetitive stimulation EMG as well as SFEMG during weak voluntary contraction and on 10 and 20Hz stimulation was performed in every patient. The mean jitter in the control group was 30 ?s on voluntary contraction and about 22 ?s at 10 as well as at 20 Hz stimulation. In both groups of myasthenic patients under consideration SFEMG on voluntary contraction detected neuromuscular transmission disturbances of various degree. The results obtained at motor axonal stimulation (10 and 20 Hz) were unhomogeneous. In both groups jitter seemed to be slightly shorter at higher (20 HZ) frequency stimulation, probably due to facilitation but differences were significant.
19
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Behavioral manifestations of brain plasticity in blind and low-vision individuals

100%
Jednorog K., Grabowska A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2008
|
vol. 68
|
issue 1
83-90
EN
Tactile sensitivity enhancement (TSE) observed in blind people is probably a result of intensified tactile training. Although many researchers consider TSE in the blind to be an example of use-dependent plasticity, it is unclear whether the effects of training (Braille reading) are specific, i.e. restricted to the trained function and hand, or if they are more general. To examine this issue further, blind Braille readers, low-vision subjects (Braille readers and non-Braille readers) and sighted controls were tested in two tasks: a texture task resembling the Braille system and a dissimilar groove orientation task. Braille readers, both blind and those with low vision, performed better in both tasks than low-vision non-Braille readers or sighted controls. However, the difference was significant only for the blind (more experienced) Braille readers. In the groove orientation task, the positive influence of training was detectable irrespective of the hand used in the test, but in the coarse texture task this influence was limited to the hand trained in Braille. Thus, it appears that tactile training is of significance in TSE but its effects are, to a large extent, task- and hand-specific.
20

Inborn errors of metabolism in the carbohydrate - deficient glycoprotein syndrome

100%
Zwierz K., Midro A. T.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1997
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
205-226
EN
The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes are multisystemic inherited diseases with severe nervous system involvement. There is indirect evidence for deficiency of phosphomannomutase in type I and direct evidence for a deficiency of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II in type II. The disease is characterized by carbohydrate deficiences of a number glycoproteins, including serum sialotransferrins.
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