Krwotok położniczy – zasady współpracy położnika i anestezjologa

• Authors: Elżbieta Nowacka , Mirosław Wielgoś , Dorota Bomba‑Opoń

Title variants

EN

Obstetrical haemorrhage – the management algorithm

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

Obstetrical haemorrhage still remains one of the most common causes of death among pregnant women and women in labour. Almost 88% of these women die within the first 4 hours of its onset. Knowing the mechanisms that regulate hemostasis of the woman in labour at the molecular, immunological, hormonal, neurological level and the role and function of the uteroplacental unit has a huge impact on the further therapeutic decisions in case of obstetrical haemorrhage. There are a number of various definitions concerning obstetrical haemorrhage which proves how difficult it is to recognize and diagnose this condition. Taking under consideration the haemodynamic changes, the systemic consequences and the need of making specific therapeutical decisions it seems necessary to include in the definition the dynamics of the blood loss in the specific time unit: cumulated blood loss of 150 ml/min or 1.5 ml/kg of body weight per minute and a 50% loss of circulating blood volume in 3 hours. The prognosis of the haemorrhage depends on many different elements, including: rapid diagnosis, notification and implement of the management therapeutic algorithm and interdisciplinary co‑work of various teams taking part in the diagnostic‑therapeutic process. It is crucial that there is an effective, simultaneous cooperation among the experienced anaesthesiology team, ob‑gyn team, the operating theatre team, diagnostic‑laboratory teams and the regional blood donation agencies. Coordinating work of that many people, that are often spread within the organizational structures of the hospital on different floors or buildings, is excessively challenging. On the other hand, establishing the management algorithm that takes into account the order and the way of notifying as well as implementing certain procedures in individual organizational structures has a huge, direct impact on patient’s survival and the quality of life. Most of the management procedures for the severe obstetrical haemorrhage, such as resuscitation, monitoring, bleeding control, should be performed simultaneously.

PL

Krwotok położniczy wciąż jest jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn zgonów ciężarnych i rodzących. Prawie 88% kobiet umiera w ciągu pierwszych czterech godzin od momentu jego wystąpienia. Znajomość mechanizmów regulujących homeostazę ustroju ciężarnej ma ogromne znaczenie w postępowaniu terapeutycznym w przypadku wystąpienia krwotoku okołoporodowego. O tym, jak trudno rozpoznać i zdefiniować krwotok położniczy, dowodzi obecność kilkunastu różnych jego definicji. Z punktu widzenia zmian hemodynamicznych, następstw ogólnoustrojowych i konieczności podjęcia określonych decyzji terapeutycznych bardzo użyteczne wydają się pojęcia oceniające szybkość utraty w określonym przedziale czasowym: skumulowana utrata krwi wynosząca 150 ml/min lub 1,5 ml/kg m.c./min oraz utrata 50% objętości krwi krążącej w ciągu 3 godzin. Rokowanie w krwotoku położniczym zależy od wielu elementów, do których zaliczamy: szybkie rozpoznanie, powiadomienie i wdrożenie algorytmu postępowania terapeutycznego oraz efektywne działanie interdyscyplinarne różnych zespołów biorących udział w procesie diagnostyczno‑leczniczym. Niezbędna jest jednoczasowa, efektywna współpraca doświadczonego zespołu anestezjologicznego, ginekologiczno‑położniczego, bloku operacyjnego, zespołów pracowni diagnostyczno‑laboratoryjnych oraz regionalnego centrum krwiodawstwa. Skoordynowanie pracy dużej liczby ludzi, często „rozrzuconych” w strukturach organizacyjnych szpitala na różnych piętrach lub w oddzielnych budynkach, jest niezmiernie trudne. Opracowanie algorytmu postępowania uwzględniającego kolejność i sposób powiadamiania oraz wdrażanie określonych procedur w poszczególnych jednostkach organizacyjnych decydują o przeżyciu pacjentki i późniejszej jakości życia. Większość czynności w ciężkim krwotoku położniczym (resuscytacja, monitorowanie, opanowywanie krwawienia) powinna być prowadzona jednoczasowo.

Keywords

EN

definicja; definition; haemorrhage; interdisciplinary co‑work; krwotok; management algorithm; obstetrics; postępowanie terapeutyczne; położnictwo; współpraca interdyscyplinarna

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
• Year: 2012
• Volume: 8
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 23-32

Contributors

author

Elżbieta Nowacka

• I Klinika Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego. Kierownik: dr hab. n. med. Tomasz Łazowski

author

Mirosław Wielgoś

• I Katedra i Klinika Położnictwa i Ginekologii Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Mirosław Wielgoś

author

Dorota Bomba‑Opoń

• I Katedra i Klinika Położnictwa i Ginekologii Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Mirosław Wielgoś

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• Document Type: article