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2013 | 13 | 1 | 40–49

Article title

Wybrane farmakokinetyczne interakcje leków w trakcie leczenia padaczki. Część I

Content

Title variants

EN
Selected pharmacokinetic drug interactions during treatment of epilepsy. Part I

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
Padaczka jest jedną z najdłużej znanych chorób. Słowo epilepsia liczy 2500 lat i pochodzi od greckiego epilamvanein, co znaczy ‘atakować’, ‘chwycić’, ‘posiąść’. Napady padaczkowe traktowane były jako wyraz owładnięcia przez demony, złe duchy, w związku z czym padaczkę przez długi czas uważano za „świętą chorobę”. Nie jest to choroba w klasycznym znaczeniu, a raczej skomplikowany proces patofizjologiczny, którego bardzo liczne i złożone objawy są wynikiem różnych zaburzeń funkcji mózgu. Padaczka należy do najtrudniejszych problemów neuroepidemiolo­gicznych. Napady padaczkowe są wyrazem patologicznej czynności różnych obszarów mózgu w przebiegu wielu procesów chorobowych. Źródłem patologicznych wyładowań w klinicznej formie napadu padaczkowego mogą być blizny pourazowe, zmiany uciskowe, zapalne, zwyrodnieniowe, ogniska naczyniopochodne czy zaburze­nia rozwojowe. Ogniskiem padaczkowym jest strefa zmienionej tkanki, leżącej między uszkodzeniem a okolicą zdrową. To grupa neuronów generująca okresowo napadową czynność bioelektryczną w formie napadowych wy­ładowań depolaryzacyjnych generujących kliniczny napad padaczkowy. Większość padaczek to zaburzenia pier­wotne mózgowe, choć istnieje również wiele procesów pozamózgowych zaburzających homeostazę ustrojową. W leczeniu padaczki nie występuje jeden standardowy sposób postępowania. Celem terapii jest całkowita kontrola napadów i uzyskanie jak najmniejszych objawów niepożądanych podczas leczenia lekami przeciwpadaczkowymi. Wiedza i doświadczenie lekarzy praktyków są najistotniejszym czynnikiem wpływającym na opiekę nad chorym z padaczką. Lek powinien być dostosowany do typu napadu lub zespołu padaczkowego, częstości i ciężkości na­padów. Pojawienie się leków nowej generacji dało im pewną przewagę w stosunku do starszych leków. Cechują je: większa swoistość działania, lepsze właściwości farmakokinetyczne, lepsza ocena klinicznych prób i słabsze objawy niepożądane. Z badań klinicznych i z bezpośrednich obserwacji wynika, iż są to leki bardzo przydatne w niektó­rych typach padaczek. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że potrzebne są dalsze badania i obserwacje.
EN
Epilepsy is one of the oldest known diseases. The word epilepsia has 2 500 years and comes from the Greek epi­lamvanein, which means ‘attack’, ‘grab’, ‘possess’. Seizures were treated as an expression possessed by demons, evil spirits and therefore for a long time it was considered as “sacred disease”. Epilepsy is not a disease in the clas­sic sense, but rather a complex pathophysiological process, the numerous and complex symptoms are the result of various disorders of brain function. Epilepsy is one of the most difficult problems neuroepidemiology. Seizures are an expression of pathological brain activity in different areas of the course of many disease processes. Source discharges in the clinical pathological form of epileptic seizure can be traumatic scars, compression changes, in­flammatory, degenerative, vascular fire or developmental disorders. Focal epileptic tissue is modified zone lying between the damage and the area healthy. This is a group of neurons that generates periodic paroxysmal bioelectri­cal activity in the form of paroxysmal discharge depolarization generating clinical seizures. Most epilepsies are pri­mary brain disorder, but there are also many processes outbrain disturbing systemic homeostasis. In the treatment of epilepsy, there is no one standard way to proceed. The aim of epilepsy treatment is complete seizure control and getting the least side effects during treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Knowledge and experience are the most im­portant practitioners of the factors contributing to the care of patients with epilepsy. The drug should be tailored to the type of seizure or epilepsy syndrome, the frequency and severity of seizures. The emergence of a new gener­ation of drugs gave them some advantage over older-generation drugs. They are characterized by greater specific­ity of action, improved pharmacokinetic properties, better evaluation of clinical trials and less side effects. These drugs are in clinical trials, and direct observation of lessons can be drawn that they are very useful in some types of epilepsy. There is no doubt that further research and observation

Discipline

Year

Volume

13

Issue

1

Pages

40–49

Physical description

Contributors

  • Klinika Neurologii i Epileptologii, Katedra Chorób Układu Nerwowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
  • Klinika Neurologii i Epileptologii, Katedra Chorób Układu Nerwowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
  • Klinika Neurologii i Epileptologii, Katedra Chorób Układu Nerwowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
  • Klinika Neurologii i Epileptologii, Katedra Chorób Układu Nerwowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi

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