Assessment of phytochemical constituents and antifungal activities of four selected green leafy vegetables from Owerri, South-East Nigeria

• Authors: Ndidi Blessing Ohabughiro
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Medicinal plants contain numerous phytochemicals like tannin, alkaloids, steroid, saponin and flavonoid. Plants are being used as valuable source of food and medicine for prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The following medicinal plants were used: Scent leaves (Ocimum gratissimum), Bitter leaves (Vemonia amygdalina). Uziza leaves (Piper guineense) and Utazi leaves (Gongronema latifolium). Soxhlex apparatus was used to extract active ingredients from plants. Methanol and hot water solvents were used for extraction. Methanol and hot water extracts of the plants were used against identified isolated. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were used in the isolation and identification of moulds from stored rice, maize, wheat and groundnut. Sabouraud dextrose agar and potato dextrose agar were used for cultural isolation. Moulds species were identified using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. Fungal susceptibility testing was performed to determine the minimum inhibition concentration. The following moulds Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus and Penicillium chrysogenum were isolated and identified from stored grains and legumes. The medicinal plants contain the following phytochemicals tannin, alkaloids, steroid, saponin and flavonoids. Percentage (%) growth inhibition of moulds by methanol extract was greater than hot water extract of medicinal plants. Percentage growth inhibition of moulds by methanol and hot water extract of scent leaf gave the highest inhibition followed by bitter leaf, utazi while uziza gave the least growth inhibition. Minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts was greatest at 100 mg/ml and least at 12.5mg/ml. Minimum growth inhibition increases with increase in concentration of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants gave varying levels of growth inhibition against varying isolates and should be used both at home and clinical settings. Therefore, the importance of medicinal plants to our society cannot be overemphasized.

Keywords

EN

Antifungal susceptibility; Aspergillus species; Medicinal plants; Stored grains and legumes

Discipline

• MICROBIOLOGY_&_CELL_BIOLOGY: MICROBIOLOGY & CELL_BIOLOGY

• Publisher: Scientific Publishing House „DARWIN”
• Journal: World News of Natural Sciences
• Year: 2023
• Volume: 50
• Pages: 73-85

Contributors

author

Ndidi Blessing Ohabughiro

• Department of Microbiology, Imo State University Owerri, P.M.B 2000, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

References

• [1] Lichterman, B. L. Aspirin: The Story of a Wonder Drug. British Medical Journal 329 (7479) (2004) 1408
• [2] Veeramuthu, D., Muniappan, A., and Savarimuthu, I. Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by paliyar tribe from tamilnadu, India, Journal of BMC Complalt Med 6 (2006) 35
• [3] Davis, P.H. and Heywood. V.H. Principles of Angiosperm Taxanomy. Journal of Botany 21(2) (1963) 210-217
• [4] Edeoga, H.O. and Eriata, D.O. Alkaloids, Tannins and saponins Contents of some Medicinal plants. Journal of medicinal Aromatic plant science 23 (2001) 344-349
• [5] Bidwell, R.G. Plant Physiology. Triterpenoids, Saponins and Sapogenins. Phytochemistry 6 (1979) 1249-1270
• [6] Ahn, K. The worldwide trend of using botanical drugs and strategies for developing global drugs. J. BMB Reports 50 (3) (2017) 111-116
• [7] Hamed, T. Sampling methods in research methodology; How to choose a Sampling technique for research. Electronic Journal, 5 (2) (2016) 18-27
• [8] Avasthi, S and Bhadauria, R. diversity, Pathogenicity and Toxicology of Aspergillus niger. An important Spoilage Fungi. Res. J. Microbiology 6 (2011) 270-280
• [9] Tortorano, A. M., Richardson, M and Roilides, E. ESCMID and ECMM joint guidelines on diagnosis and management of hyalohyphomycosis. Fusarium spp. Scedosporium spp. and others. Clinical microbiology Infection 20 (3) (2014) 27-46
• [10] Beuchat, I.R. Enumeration of Fungi in Grain Flours and Meals as influence by settling time in diluent and by recovery Medium. Journal of Food Protection, 55 (1992) 899-901
• [11] Pitt, J.I.; Hocking, A.D.; Samson, R.A.; King, A.D. Recommended methods for mycological examination of foods, 1992. In: Modern methods in food mycology. 1990. 365-368
• [12] Platt, A. R., Woodhall, R. W. and George, A.L. Improved DNA sequencing quality and efficiency using an optimized fast cycle sequencing protocol. Bio Techniques, 43 (1) (2007) 58-62
• [13] Altschul, S.F., Warren, G., Miller, W., Myers, E.N. and Luman, D. Basic Alignment Search Tool. Journal of Molecular biology 215 (3) (1990) 403-410
• [14] Okorondu, S.I., Akujobi C.O and Nwachukwu, I.N. Antifungal properties of Musa paradisiacal (plantain) peel and stalk extracts. International Journal of Bio Chem. Sci 6 (4) (2012) 1527-1537
• [15] Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. (1989). Pharmacognosy. American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine, 2 (1) (2014) 7-12
• [16] Okorondu, S.I., Sokari, T.G., Akujuobi, C.O. and Braide, W. phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Musa paradisiacal stalk plant. International Journal of Biological Sciences 2(3): (2010) 128-132
• [17] Nnam, N.M., Onyechi, J.C. and madukwe, E.A Nutrient and phytochemical composition of some leafy vegetable with medicinal significance. Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Sciences 33, 2 (2013) 1-7
• [18] Nduche, M.U., Egbucha, K.C. and Amakwe, O.C Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of four Nigeria medicinal plants. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences, 5 (2) (2018) 15-27
• [19] Oladosu-Ajayi, R.N., Dienye, H.E., Ajayi, C.T. and Erinle, O.D. Compaarative screening of phytochemical compounds in scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and bitter leaf (Vemonia amygdalina). Journal of Fisheries and Livestock Production, 5 (2017) 242
• [20] Onwuka, U. N. Effect of four local vegetables leaves on the protein and microbial content of smoked and dried beef. Nigerian Food Journal, 23 (2006) 74-84
• [21] Shradhdha Nakum, Umed Bhoya, Comparative Study on In-Vitro Antioxidant activities by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP Assessment Methods and Phytochemical Analysis in Different Solvents Extracted from Tridax procumbens. World Scientific News 170 (2022) 16-31
• [22] Luka Lawrence, Attama Chika, Yahaya Muhammad Falalu, Njiddah Kwaji, Thomas Polar, Phytochemical screening and bioassay of the ethanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum and Commiphora kerstingii leaves. World Scientific News 167 (2022) 28-40
• [23] Kavitha Balakrishnan, Nirmala Murugesan, Structural, morphological, optical and antimicrobial studies on green synthesized copper nanoparticles. World Scientific News 179 (2023) 27-40
• [24] P. O. Ige, and Z. T. Animashaun, Diameter distribution models for selected plantations in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. World Scientific News 179 (2023) 41-53
• [25] Almutazbellah Khalid, H. I. Ansari, G. M. Sindhav, Phytochemical screening, In-vitro antioxidant activity, and HPTLC fingerprinting for Gmelina arborea Roxb. leaf extracts. World Scientific News 171 (2022) 1-20
• [26] Deepti Chrungu, Sukesh Chander Sharma, Akhtar Mahmood, Biochemical study of trehalase activity in Aspergillus niger conidia. World Scientific News 86(3) (2017) 338-345

• Document Type: article