In Silico Characterization of Immunoglobulins in Selected Teleost Species

• Authors: Emmanuel Benjamin Ekpo , Victor Ikpeme Ekei , Emmanuel Ekerette Ekerette , Elizabeth Benjamin Ekpo , Oluwatobi Ajayi Omoogun
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Immunoglobulins are highly specialized glycoproteins that can recognize a great variety of antigens from bacteria, viruses, and other disease-causing organisms and recruit other cells and molecules to destroy these pathogens. This research is aimed at characterizing immunoglobulin among related teleost species using an in-silico approach. Nucleotide sequences of the immunoglobulin gene from different teleost species were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website, and multiple sequence alignment was conducted using ClustalW in MEGA 11 to evaluate similarities and differences among the retrieved sequences. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to infer evolutionary relationships among the species based on their immunoglobulin gene sequences. Pairwise genetic distance analysis was also conducted; both analyses were carried out in MEGA 11. The evolutionary relationship among the sequences, executed using the maximum likelihood method, generated a consensus tree from 500 bootstrap replications with two clusters of almost equal size: the larger cluster has 14 sequences, while the smaller has 12 sequences. The values for pairwise genetic distance range between 0.00 and 0.72. Moreover, the genetic distance is relatively small when sequences 19 to 26 pair up, having values in the range of 0.00 to 0.22. Conversely, pairwise comparison outside that range is dominated by values above 0.60. This research reveals that variations that occur in the immunoglobulin gene are high in most species. Furthermore, this in silico analysis is an innovative approach that can significantly impact the formulation of antibodies with great specificity and potency against diseases.

Keywords

EN

Genetic distance; IgD; IgM; IgT; Immunoglobulins; In silico analysis; MEGA 11; Mucosal immunity; Phylogenetic tree; Teleost fish

Discipline

• BIOCHEMISTRY: BIOCHEMISTRY

• Publisher: Scientific Publishing House „DARWIN”
• Journal: World News of Natural Sciences
• Year: 2025
• Volume: 63
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 477-490

Contributors

author

Emmanuel Benjamin Ekpo

• Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

author

Victor Ikpeme Ekei

• Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

author

Emmanuel Ekerette Ekerette

• Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

author

Elizabeth Benjamin Ekpo

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

author

Oluwatobi Ajayi Omoogun

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

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• Document Type: article