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2018 | 23 | 1 | 14-23

Article title

Mechanizmy immunologiczne odpowiedzialne za działania niepożądane leków biologicznych

Content

Title variants

EN
Immunological mechanisms responsible for biologic agents’ adverse reactions

Languages of publication

PL EN

Abstracts

PL
W związku z coraz większą różnorodnością leków biologicznych zarejestrowanych w Polsce oraz coraz większą dostępnością terapii biologicznej w ramach programów lekowych w różnych specjalnościach medycznych, w niniejszej pracy opisano mechanizmy immunologiczne biorące udział w powstawaniu efektów niepożądanych terapii biologicznych. Przedstawiono problem działań niepożądanych w ujęciu prawnym i zestawiono aktualną klasyfikację działań niepożądanych leków biologicznych z analogiczną klasyfikacją działań niepożądanych leków konwencjonalnych. Zarysowano także metody profilaktyki i kierunki dalszych badań. Zgodnie z klasyfikacją Pichlera z 2006r., wyróżnia się 5 podstawowych typów mechanizmów immunologicznych działań niepożądanych leków biologicznych: typ alfa – reakcje zależne od cytokin, w tym „burza” cytokinowa; typ beta – reakcje nadwrażliwości (opóźnionej lub natychmiastowej), związane między innymi z obecnością przeciwciał skierowanych przeciw cząsteczkom leku, typ gamma – reakcje zwią- zane z „zespołem nierównowagi immunologicznej” (autoimmunizacją lub immunosupresją); typ sigma – reakcje krzyżowe oraz typ ypsilon – reakcje o podłożu nieimmunologicznym, związane z niemożliwymi do przewidzenia efektami działania leku obserwowanymi in vivo. Prawidłowa kwalifikacja chorego do terapii biologicznej oraz jego stałe monitorowanie pozostaje podstawą prewencji działań niepożądanych. Obecnie brak rekomendacji dotyczących prowadzenia terapii biologicznej pod kontrolą stężenia leku lub rutynowego oznaczania poziomu przeciwciał skierowanych przeciw cząsteczkom leku. Potrzebne są dalsze badania ukierunkowane na ocenę przydatności takiego monitoringu oraz stworzenia strategii odnośnie do prowadzenia chorych wymagających leczenia biologicznego.
EN
As the group of biologic agents registered in Poland is becoming more and more diversified and availability of therapeutic programs using these drugs in many medical specialties is increasing, the present work focuses on immunological mechanisms of adverse effects of biologic therapies. The problem of these drugs’ adverse effects along with legal issues, the classification in juxtaposition to the classification for „conventional” drugs, as well as on the mechanisms underlying biologic therapies’ side effects with some examples. Methods of prophylaxis and directions for possible future research are outlined. According to Pichler’s classification from 2006, there are 5 types of basic immunological mechanisms behind biologic agents’ adverse effects: type alpha – reactions related to cytokines, including the „cytokine storm”; type beta – hypersensitivity reactions, which may be either immediate or delayed, with some of them related to anti – drug antibodies, type gamma – reactions caused by „immunological imbalance syndrome”, related either to immunosuppression or to autoimmunization; type sigma – cross reactivity and type ypsilon – non – immunological reactions, related to new and unexpected side effects observed in vivo. Proper qualification to biologic treatment as well as the continuous monitoring are essential to adverse reactions’ prevention. As of now there are no guidelines for monitoring either biologic drugs’ through levels or routine tests for anti – drug antibodies levels. More research is needed in order to assess the potential usefulness of such monitoring, as well as to create strategies of further follow – up of patients undergoing biologic therapies.

Discipline

Year

Volume

23

Issue

1

Pages

14-23

Physical description

Contributors

  • Katedra i Klinika Reumatologii i Chorób Wewnętrznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
author
  • Katedra i Klinika Reumatologii i Chorób Wewnętrznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu

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Document Type

article

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-e025c08a-816d-4de4-ba54-8e08c378ca16
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