„Legalizować czy nie?” – analiza związku pomiędzy stosowaniem kanabinoli a częstością występowania i obrazem klinicznym zaburzeń psychotycznych

• Authors: Marta Gawłowska , Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska

Title variants

EN

“To legalize or not to legalize?” – analysis of association between cannabis use and psychosis frequency and clinical manifestation

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

The association between cannabis use and psychotic disorders has long been recognized. Among others, it is evidenced that cannabinoids can produce transient positive, negative and cognitive psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and exacerbate symptoms and trigger relapse on the course of established psychotic disorder. But until recently, little was known about the mechanism, by which these effects are caused. According to the newest research, the mechanism may involve dopamine, GABA or glutamate neurotransmission. As only a small proportion of total population exposed to cannabinoids develops psychotic disorders, it is likely that cannabinoids are not the main causative factor of psychosis but may play a role of significant risk factor that contributes to psychosis manifestation. Such parameters as dose, duration and the age of first exposure to cannabinoids are well established modifying factors of psychosis course, however the mechanisms of this association are still mostly unknown. Recently, more and more attention has been given to the novel hypotheses including the role of cannabinoids on neurodevelopment of central nervous system. It is proved that endocannabinoids may play an important role in such processes as neurogenesis, neural specification, neural maturation, neuronal migration, axonal elongation, and glia formation. Use of exogenous cannabinoids, by disrupting the endocannabinoid system and interfering with neurodevelopmental processes, may provide a mechanism by which exposure to cannabinoids during adolescence may.

PL

Związek pomiędzy zażywaniem kanabinoli a występowaniem zaburzeń psychotycznych jest opisywany od dawna. Udowodniono między innymi, że kanabinole mogą wywoływać przemijające objawy pozytywne, negatywne i poznawcze psychozy u zdrowych osób oraz zaostrzać objawy lub powodować ich nawrót w przebiegu wcześniej rozpoznanych zaburzeń psychotycznych. Jednak nadal niewiele wiadomo o mechanizmach, które powodują powstawanie tych symptomów. Zgodnie z najnowszymi doniesieniami mogą one angażować układy dopaminergiczny, GABA-ergiczny i glutaminergiczny. Ponieważ tylko u części osób zażywających kanabinole rozwijają się objawy psychotyczne, prawdopodobnie substancje te nie stanowią głównego czynnika sprawczego psychozy, lecz mogą stanowić ważny czynnik ryzyka, który przyczynia się do manifestacji jej objawów. Takie wskaźniki, jak dawka, długość stosowania oraz wiek pierwszego kontaktu z kanabinolami, stanowią uznane czynniki modyfikujące przebieg psychozy, jakkolwiek mechanizm tego zjawiska pozostaje w dużym stopniu niejasny. W ostatnim czasie coraz szersze uznanie zyskują nowe hipotezy, zakładające możliwy wpływ kanabinoli na rozwój centralnego układu nerwowego. Istnieją dowody na to, że endogenny układ kanabinoidalny może odgrywać istotną rolę w takich procesach, jak neurogeneza, różnicowanie, dojrzewanie i migracja neuronów, wydłużanie aksonów oraz formowanie struktur gleju. Zażywanie kanabinoidów egzogennych, zaburzając działanie układu endokanabinoidalnego oraz zakłócając procesy neurorozwojowe, może stanowić mechanizm, poprzez który ekspozycja na działanie tych substancji w okresie adolescencji zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju schizofrenii lub innych utrwalonych zaburzeń psychotycznych.

Keywords

EN

cannabinoids; czynnik ryzyka; kanabinole; psychotic disorders; risk factor; schizofrenia; schizophrenia; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); tetrahydrokanabinol (THC); zaburzenia psychotyczne

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Journal: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
• Year: 2010
• Volume: 10
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 38-44

Contributors

author

Marta Gawłowska

• Klinika Zaburzeń Afektywnych i Psychotycznych Katedry Psychiatrii UM w Łodzi, ul. Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź

author

Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska

• Klinika Zaburzeń Afektywnych i Psychotycznych Katedry Psychiatrii UM w Łodzi, ul. Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź

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• Document Type: article