Diagnostyka i leczenie zaburzeń snu u dzieci i młodzieży

• Authors: Małgorzata Urban

Title variants

EN

Diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in children and adolescents

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

The paper is an attempt at presenting most common sleep disorders among children and adolescents. Sleep disorders constitute a common problem in everyday clinical practice, also in the paediatric setting. These are not only benign, easily corrigible problems, e.g. associated with incorrect sleep hygiene, but also disorders having serious clinical implications. A careful diagnostic work-up and a precise determination of cause(s) of the disorders enable undertaking correct therapeutic decisions. Furthermore, in general opinion, several mental disorders, including mainly mood disturbances, may result in sleep disorders. It was demonstrated that adolescents with mood disorders, particularly with severe depression, more frequently complain of sleep disorders. There is a large group of drugs, which may produce sleep disorders. These include psychostimulants used in the treatment of ADHD. Also some OTC drugs (over-the-counter; prescription-free) used to treat common cold and antiallergic preparations may have a psychostimulating (e.g. pseudoephedrine) or sedative effect (e.g. diphenhydramine). Also SPA procedures may significantly increase the risk of development of sleep disorders. As the basis of sleep disorders may be often serious somatic problems, pharmacotherapy should be instituted only in selected cases, after a precise determination of cause(s) of sleep disorders. Our knowledge of sleep disorders is often inadequate for an effective diagnosis of sleep disorders in children and adolescents. Some cases may have to be referred to specialized centres treating sleep disorders.

PL

Praca stanowi próbę przedstawienia najczęściej występujących zaburzeń snu w populacji dzieci i młodzieży. Zaburzenia snu to częsty problem w codziennej praktyce lekarskiej, także pediatrycznej – są to nie tylko łagodne, łatwo poddające się korekcie nieprawidłowości związane np. z niewłaściwą higieną snu, ale także schorzenia mające poważne implikacje kliniczne. Staranna diagnostyka i dokładne ustalenie przyczyny zaburzeń umożliwiają podjęcie właściwych decyzji terapeutycznych. Ponadto powszechnie wiadomo, że wiele zaburzeń psychicznych, w tym przede wszystkim zaburzenia nastroju, może powodować zaburzenia snu. Wykazano, że adolescenci z zaburzeniami nastroju, szczególnie z dużą depresją, częściej skarżą się na zaburzenia snu. Istnieje duża grupa leków mogących wywoływać zaburzenia snu. Należą do nich m.in. leki stymulujące stosowane w leczeniu ADHD. Również część leków OTC stosowanych na „przeziębienie” oraz leki przeciwalergiczne mogą działać stymulująco (np. pseudoefedryna) lub sedująco (np. difenhydramina). Stosowanie SPA także znacząco zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju zaburzeń snu. Ponieważ u podłoża zaburzeń snu mogą leżeć poważne problemy somatyczne, farmakoterapię należy rozpocząć tylko w wyselekcjonowanych przypadkach, po dokładnym ustaleniu przyczyny problemów ze snem. Wiedza na temat zaburzeń snu często jest niedostatecznie duża, aby skutecznie rozpoznawać zaburzenia snu u dzieci i młodzieży. W niektórych przypadkach konieczne jest skierowanie pacjenta do specjalistycznej poradni zaburzeń snu.

Keywords

EN

adolescenci; adolescents; children; diagnosis; diagnostyka; dzieci; higiena snu; sen; sleep; sleep hygiene; terapia; therapy

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
• Year: 2007
• Volume: 7
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 36-41

Contributors

author

Małgorzata Urban

• Klinika Zaburzeń Afektywnych i Psychiatrii Młodzieży Katedry Psychiatrii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska

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• Document Type: article