Właściwości i kliniczne możliwości zastosowania ludzkich komórek nabłonka owodni (HAEC)

• Authors: Arkadiusz Gawryluk , Bartłomiej Noszczyk

Title variants

EN

Properties and clinical application of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC)

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

In the contemporary medicine, undifferentiated progenitor cells of various origin and various degree of plasticity have become highly promising. Their most abundant, renewable and uncontroversial sources are placental tissues and umbilical blood. The only epithelial cells in this group come from the amnion which is used as a whole as an allogenic biological dressing. They have a range of unusual properties, such as the relative lack of histocompatibility antigens, plasticity (enabling their differentiation into a number of epithelial and mesenchymal cells) and the lack of neoplastic capacity. Amniotic epithelial cells are the only epithelial cells of the placenta. It is believed that they retain their progenitor (pluripotent) properties even in term pregnancies. This probably results from the fact that they omit the differentiation that accompanies gastrulation. Such features are typical of all placental cells which differ from amniotic epithelial cells only in their non-epithelial origin. In culture conditions, amniotic epithelial cells are characterized by a considerable plasticity: they can be stimulated to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, myocytes, cardiomyocytes, neurocytes, pancreatic cells and hepatocytes. To date, however, the attempts to direct their development towards the epidermis have not been successful. Obtaining multilayer epidermis in amniotic epithelial culture would be of considerable importance for tissue engineering of biological dressings. Amniotic membranes have been used for this purpose for many years, but because of their complex structure and metabolic requirements, they do not heal but dry up when applied to the wound. Some reports, however, indicate that the epithelium isolated from the amnion could be able to heal thus being suitable for allogenic grafts.

PL

Współczesna medycyna coraz większe nadzieje pokłada w niezróżnicowanych komórkach progenitorowych różnego pochodzenia i o różnym stopniu plastyczności. Ich najbardziej zasobnym, odnawialnym i niekontrowersyjnym źródłem wydają się tkanki łożyska i krew pępowinowa. Jedyne w tej grupie komórki nabłonkowe pochodzą z owodni, wykorzystywanej często w całości jako allogeniczny opatrunek biologiczny. Mają one szereg niezwykłych cech, takich jak względny brak ekspresji antygenów zgodności tkankowej, plastyczność (umożliwiająca różnicowanie w cały szereg komórek nabłonkowych i mezenchymalnych) oraz brak zdolności do nowotworzenia. Komórki nabłonka owodni są jedynymi nabłonkowymi komórkami łożyska. Uważa się, że nawet w donoszonej ciąży zachowują właściwości progenitorowe (pluripotencjalne). Wynika to prawdopodobnie z faktu, iż pomijają różnicowanie towarzyszące gastrulacji. Cechy te przejawiają zresztą wszystkie komórki łożyska, różniące się od komórek nabłonka owodni jedynie nienabłonkowym pochodzeniem. W hodowli komórki nabłonka owodni charakteryzują się dużą plastycznością: ulegają stymulacji do różnicowania w kierunku adypocytów, chondrocytów, osteocytów, miocytów, kardiomiocytów, neurocytów, komórek trzustki i hepatocytów. Dotychczas nie udało się jednak skierować ich rozwoju w kierunku naskórka. Uzyskanie nabłonka wielowarstwowego w hodowli komórek nabłonka owodni miałoby ogromne znaczenie dla inżynierii tkankowej opatrunków biologicznych. Błony owodniowe wykorzystywane są w tym celu od wielu lat, jednak wskutek złożonej struktury i wymagań metabolicznych nie ulegają wgajaniu – wysychają po położeniu na powierzchni rany. Niektóre badania wskazują natomiast, że nabłonek izolowany z owodni mógłby się wgajać, nadawałby się zatem do allogenicznych przeszczepów.

Keywords

EN

amniotic epithelial cells; amniotic membrane; biological dressing; cell culture; hodowle komórkowe; inżynieria tkankowa; komórki nabłonka owodni; opatrunki biologiczne; owodnia; tissue engineering

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Current Gynecologic Oncology
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 13
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 123-135

Contributors

author

Arkadiusz Gawryluk

• Klinika Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie w Warszawie, Polska

author

Bartłomiej Noszczyk

• Zakład Chirurgii Plastycznej Endoskopowej, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny im. prof. W. Orłowskiego Centrum Medycznego Kształcenia Podyplomowego w Warszawie, Polska

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• Document Type: review