Distribution and Co-infection of Malaria and Syphilis in relation with ABO and rhesus among students of Federal University of Technology, Akure Ondo State, Nigeria

• Authors: Anu I. Itansanmi-Ogundayomi , Aduragbemi Elemu
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The human ABO blood and Rhesus could be an important determining factor in the distribution and co-infection of human malaria parasite and Syphilis infection. Owing to the widespread of malaria, reckless lifestyle and attitudes of present-day youths towards hygiene and sex-life, and increasing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst students, it is crucial to assess the risk of exposure, distribution, and ascertain the most susceptible blood group to these infections. Malaria is an important cause of ill-health primarily transmitted by Female Anopheles mosquito and is responsible for severe morbidity and mortality especially in Sub-Sahara Africa and globally; while coinfection is the single or collective habitation of pathogenic organism in host body. Syphilis is an infection caused by Treponema sp usually transmitted by sexual contact via a chancre. This work investigated the possibility of individual susceptibility to malaria and syphilis infection when their ABO blood types and Rhesus is considered a predisposing factor. Two millimetres (2ml) of venous blood was obtained by venipuncture from asymptomatic subjects into ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic-acid (EDTA) anticoagulated blood containers, properly mixed and labelled appropriately. 229 respondents were subjected to ABO blood-typing using monoclonal Antisera A, B, AB, D and microscopic analysis for Plasmodium parasites screening using thick and thin smear approaches. Antibody specific test against treponema antigens (RDT) was also carried out using whole blood. Of the sampled individuals, 199(87%) and 30(13%) were rhesus D positive and negative respectively, where 75.1% was positive for Plasmodium infection. The relationship between ABO blood group and malaria parasite was significant in the study population (P = 0.002, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the distribution of malaria and syphilis in relation to ABO (see Fig 4) suggests that infection is equal.

Keywords

EN

ABO system; Asymptomatic Malaria; Co-infection; Prevalence; Sexual-health; Syphilis; Youths and student’s lifestyle

Discipline

• BIOLOGY: BIOLOGY

• Publisher: Scientific Publishing House „DARWIN”
• Journal: World News of Natural Sciences
• Year: 2023
• Volume: 49
• Pages: 111-121

Contributors

author

Anu I. Itansanmi-Ogundayomi

• Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Nigeria

author

Aduragbemi Elemu

• School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

References

• [1] Akanbi, O.M, Badaki, J.A, Adeniran, O.Y, Olotu, O.O, Effect of blood group and demographic characteristics on malaria infection, oxidative stress and haemoglobin Levels in South Western Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research. (2010) 4(9): 877-880. Vol.4(9), pp. 877-880, https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR.9000249
• [2] Alegana, V.A; Okiro, E.A and Snow, R.W., Routine data for malaria morbidity estimation in Africa: Challenges and prospects. BMC Med 18, 121 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01593-y
• [3] Austin N, Adikaibe E, Ethelbert O, Chioma U, Ekene N. Prevalence and Severity of Malaria Parasitemia among Children Requiring Emergency Blood Transfusion in a Tertiary Hospital in Imo State, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Jul;4(4):619-23. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.139349
• [4] Bittaye, S.O; Jagne, A; Jaiteh, L.E et al., Clinical manifestations and outcome of severe malaria in adult patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in the Gambia. Malar J 21, 270 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04294-4
• [5] Chijioke-Nwauche IN, Chijioke A N, Mary C O, Interaction between malaria parasites and blood groups in port harcourt Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Diseases and Health. Volume 14, Issue 2, Page 1-7, (2016), DOI: 10.9734/IJTDH/2016/23211
• [6] Dasgupta, R.R., Mao, W. & Ogbuoji, O. Addressing child health inequity through case management of under-five malaria in Nigeria: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis. Malar J 21, 81 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04113-w
• [7] Dawaki, S., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Ithoi, I. et al. Is Nigeria winning the battle against malaria? Prevalence, risk factors and KAP assessment among Hausa communities in Kano State. Malar J 15, 351 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1394-3
• [8] Faduyile F.A, Ojewale A.O, Osuolale F.I, Frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups among blood donors in Lagos, Nigeria. Int J Med Biomed Res 5(3) (2016) 114-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14194/ijmbr.5.3.2
• [9] Garba, D.D, Ameh, J.B, Whong, C.M.Z.; and Aminu-Mukhtar, M, Prevalence of malaria parasites among blood donors in Kaduna, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 4(6) (2016) 2112-2119
• [10] Goel S, Palmkvist M, Moll K, Joannin N, Lara P, Akhouri RR, Moradi N, Öjemalm K, Westman M, Angeletti D, Kjellin H, Lehtiö J, Blixt O, Ideström L, Gahmberg CG, Storry JR, Hult AK, Olsson ML, von Heijne G, Nilsson I, Wahlgren M. RIFINs are adhesins implicated in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nat Med. 2015 Apr; 21(4): 314-7. doi: 10.1038/nm.3812
• [11] Kojima, N and Klausner, J.D., An update on the global epidemiology of syphilis. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 5(1) (2018) 24-38. DOI: 10.1007/s40471-018-0138-z
• [12] Makenga G, Baraka V, Francis F, Minja DTR, Gesase S, Kyaruzi E, et al., Attributable risk factors for asymptomatic malaria and anaemia and their association with cognitive and psychomotor functions in schoolchildren of north-eastern Tanzania. (2022) PLoS ONE 17(5): e0268654. /journal.pone.0268654 https://doi.org/10.1371
• [13] Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N, et al., Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. (2015) PLoS ONE 10(12): e0143304. /journal.pone.0143304 https://doi.org/10.1371/
• [14] Okonkwo, I.O.; Donbraye-Emmanuel, O.O.B.; Donbraye, E.; Abubakar, M.J.; Fowotade, A.; Fadeyi, A.; Babalola, E.T.; Ojezele, M.O.; and Adeyi, A.O., Malaria parasitaemia among patients in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. (2010) Journal of Applied Biosciences 29: 1774 –1780
• [15] Oladeinde B.H., Omoregie R., Osakue E.O., and Onaiwu T.O., Asymptomatic Malaria among Blood Donors in Benin City Nigeria, (2014). Iranian Journal Parasitology. 9(3):415-422
• [16] Otajevwo, F.D, Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and its association with ABO Blood grouping among students of igbinedion, University Okada, Nigeria. (2013). British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 3(4):1164-1177.
• [17] Prusty D, Gupta N, Upadhyay A, Dar A, Naik B, Kumar N, Prajapati VK. Asymptomatic malaria infection prevailing risks for human health and malaria elimination. Infect Genet Evol. 2021 Sep; 93: 104987. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104987
• [18] Simeon-Oke, I.A.; Afolabi, O.J.; Itansanmi, A.I, Prevalence of ABO Blood Groups and Its Relationship with Malaria Parasitemia among Students of Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State. (2016). International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health. 17(1): 1-8.
• [19] Spicknall, I.H; Kreisel, K.M and Weinstock, H.S., Estimates of the prevalence and incidence of syphilis in the United States. (2018). Sex Transm Dis 1;48 (4): 247-252. Doi: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001364
• [20] Stone RB, Chung Y, Ansa BE. Syphilis Trends in the Central Savannah River Area (CSRA) of Georgia and South Carolina, USA. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(8):190. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7080190
• [21] Sato, S; Plasmodium-a brief introduction to the parasites causing human malaria and their basic biology. (2021). J Physiol Anthropol 40, 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-020-00251-9
• [22] Schumacher, R-F and Spinelli, E., Malaria in children. (2012). Mediterr J Haematol Infect Dis 2012,4(1): e2112073, DOI: 10.4084/MJHID.2012.073
• [23] Sule, H.A.; Idachaba, S.O.; Idoko, T, Susceptibility of human of the ABO Blood groups to P. falciparum infection among patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Clinic (Sickbay), Samaru-Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. (2014). Scholar Journal of Applied Medical Sciences. 2(40): 1305-1309
• [24] Tela, I.A.; Modibbo, M.H.; Adamu, L.H.; and Taura, M.G., Prevalence of Malaria Infection Among ABO Blood Groups In Jama’are, Nigeria. (2015) RA Journal of Applied Research, 1(7): 255-262
• [25] Ukaegbu, C.O.; Nnachi, A.U.; Mawak, J.D.; and Igwe, C.C., Incidence Of Concurrent Malaria And Typhoid Fever Infections In Febrile Patients In Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. (2014). International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 3(4): 157-161
• [26] White, N.J. Anaemia and malaria. Malar J 17, 371 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2509-9
• [27] Olajide Joseph Afolabi, Tolulope Patience Bakare, Malaria, hepatitis B and their co-infection among pregnant women visiting maternity centers in Akure, Nigeria. World News of Natural Sciences 45 (2022) 93-102
• [28] S. C. Onukogu, J. Ibrahim, R. A. Ogwuche, T. O. Jaiyeola, M. S. Adiaha, Role of nutrition in the management and control of malaria infection: a review. World Scientific News 107 (2018) 58-71

• Document Type: article