Wybrane czynniki ryzyka schizofrenii: pomiędzy różnorodnością modeli etiologicznych a psychiatrią spersonalizowaną

• Authors: Natalia Śmierciak , Wirginia Krzyściak , Marta Szwajca , Grzegorz Kazek , Katarzyna Urbanek , Amira Bryll , Maciej Pilecki

Title variants

EN

Selected risk factors for schizophrenia: between the diversity of aetiological models and personalised psychiatry

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

Schizophrenia is a very serious and growing medical and social problem. Despite advances in pharmacotherapy and other forms of psychosis therapy, schizophrenia remains a chronic and degrading disorder. Several decades of research on the determinants of schizophrenia brought no insight into its aetiology. Hypotheses confirmed in the studies and verified in clinical practice either fail to account for the causes of schizophrenia or explain only some of its manifestations. The well-known and widely described models of impaired dopaminergic (the dopamine hypothesis) or serotonergic neurotransmission, which provide foundations for the contemporary pharmacotherapy, may serve as an example. However, such an intervention does not interfere with the mechanisms underlying the disease, but only eliminates some of the symptoms, with no effects on cognitive deficits. Studies on risk factors for schizophrenia, its first episode in particular, increasingly emphasise the importance of interactions between immunological dysregulation, oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, disturbances of the intestinal barrier and epigenetic phenomena. This fact points to the need to modify the classical metaconcept of the development of schizophrenia by adding the aspect of interaction between a range of diverse biological and psychosocial phenomena. There are many individual observations in the subject literature, however, studies exploring the relationships between immunological and inflammatory phenomena, gene expression and the dynamics of changes in the clinical condition in the course of treatment are lacking. The presented etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease are a potential goal of future research strategies, which may additionally reinforce both the more personalised approach and the potential of combined therapies.

PL

Schizofrenia należy do coraz poważniejszych problemów medycznych i społecznych. Pomimo postępu w farmakoterapii i innych formach terapii psychoz pozostaje ona zaburzeniem o chronicznym i degradującym przebiegu. Kilka dekad badań nad jej uwarunkowaniami nie przyniosło odkrycia etiologii choroby. Potwierdzone w badaniach i zweryfikowane w praktyce klinicznej hipotezy nie tłumaczą przyczyn jej powstawania lub ograniczają się do wyjaśnienia tylko części manifestowanych objawów. Przykładem mogą być szeroko znane i opisane modele zaburzenia neurotransmisji dopaminergicznej (teoria dopaminowa) czy serotoninergicznej, na których opiera się współczesna farmakoterapia. Jest to jednak interwencja nie ingerująca w mechanizmy powstawania choroby, lecz tylko usuwająca część objawów, bez wpływu na deficyty poznawcze. Coraz częściej w badaniach nad czynnikami ryzyka schizofrenii – w tym zwłaszcza jej pierwszego epizodu – podnosi się znaczenie interakcji między dysregulacją immunologiczną, zaburzeniami równowagi oksydacyjno-antyoksydacyjnej, zakłóceniami bariery jelitowej oraz zjawiskami o charakterze epigenetycznym. Fakt ten wskazuje na konieczność zmodyfikowania klasycznych metakoncepcji nt. rozwoju schizofrenii o wymiar oddziaływania pomiędzy szeregiem różnorodnych zjawisk biologicznych a zjawiskami psychospołecznymi. W literaturze przedmiotu znaleźć można wiele pojedynczych obserwacji, brakuje jednak przekrojowych badań, w których sprawdzano by zależności między zjawiskami immunologicznymi i zapalnymi, ekspresją genów a dynamiką zmian stanu klinicznego w przebiegu leczenia. Przedstawione w tekście mechanizmy etiopatogenezy choroby stanowią potencjalny cel przyszłych strategii badawczych, które dodatkowo powinny wzmacniać podejście spersonalizowane i potencjał terapii skojarzonych.

Keywords

EN

bariera jelitowa; czynniki zapalno-immunologiczne; modele etiologiczne; schizofrenia; stres oksydacyjny

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Journal: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
• Year: 2018
• Volume: 18
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 388–398

Contributors

author

Natalia Śmierciak

• Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych, Dzieci i Młodzieży, Szpital Uniwersytecki w Krakowie, Katedra Psychiatrii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Polska,

author

Wirginia Krzyściak

• Zakład Diagnostyki Medycznej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Polska

author

Marta Szwajca

• Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych, Dzieci i Młodzieży, Szpital Uniwersytecki w Krakowie, Katedra Psychiatrii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Polska

author

Grzegorz Kazek

• Zakład Wstępnych Badań Farmakologicznych, Katedra Farmakodynamiki, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Polska

author

Katarzyna Urbanek

• Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych, Dzieci i Młodzieży, Szpital Uniwersytecki w Krakowie, Katedra Psychiatrii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Polska

author

Amira Bryll

• Zakład Diagnostyki Obrazowej Centrum Urazowego Medycyny Ratunkowej iKatastrof, Szpital Uniwersytecki w Krakowie, Katedra Radiologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Polska

author

Maciej Pilecki

• Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych, Dzieci i Młodzieży, Szpital Uniwersytecki w Krakowie, Katedra Psychiatrii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Polska

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