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2015 | 13 | 4 | 234–244

Article title

Guzy jajnika o granicznej złośliwości – diagnostyka, leczenie i obserwacja po leczeniu

Content

Title variants

EN
Borderline ovarian tumors – diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Languages of publication

EN PL

Abstracts

EN
Tumors of borderline malignancy account for approximately 20% of all ovarian tumors. Their diagnostic criteria mainly include: the absence of destructive stromal invasion, stratification of epithelial cells, moderate mitotic activity and non-intensified nuclear atypia. The mainstay of treatment is surgery. Indications for radical treatment include older patient’s age and considerable advancement of the disease. The surgery should involve hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy and removal of all macroscopic tumor foci as well as staging, which includes: peritoneal fluid sampling, omentectomy and peritoneal biopsy. Adjuvant treatment is not recommended except for cases with invasive implants. Over 50% of patients with borderline tumors are women at the child-bearing age. In these patients, the wish to preserve fertility should be considered. Conservative treatment consists of tumor removal, preservation of the uterus and at least a part of one ovary as well as staging. The follow-up period should be long since the disease can recur after several or even a dozen or so years. Patients with risk factors (advanced FIGO stage, presence of implants, incomplete staging or a residual tumor mass) should be followed every 3–4 months for the first 2 years, and subsequently, every 6 months. A similar follow-up pattern is recommended in patients after conservative treatment, particularly because most recurrences typically occur within the first 2 years after surgery. The total frequency of relapse is approximately 10–11%. These cases usually involve recurring borderline tumors, but approximately 30% are invasive (2.5–3% of malignant transformation). Conservative treatment is associated with a higher risk of relapse (up to 35%). However, in such cases, tumors are usually of borderline malignancy and can be effectively managed surgically. Invasive relapse is associated with poor prognosis.
PL
Guzy o granicznej złośliwości stanowią około 20% guzów jajnika. Kryteriami rozpoznania są: brak destrukcyjnego naciekania podścieliska, nawarstwianie komórek nabłonka, umiarkowana aktywność mitotyczna i nienasilona atypia jądrowa. Podstawową metodą leczenia jest chirurgia. Wskazania do leczenia radykalnego to starszy wiek pacjentki i znaczne zaawansowanie choroby. Zakres operacji powinien obejmować usunięcie macicy z przydatkami i wszystkich makroskopowych ognisk nowotworu oraz staging, w którego skład wchodzą: pobranie płynu z otrzewnej, usunięcie sieci, biopsje otrzewnej. Leczenie adiuwantowe nie jest rekomendowane, z wyjątkiem przypadków, w których obecne są wszczepy inwazyjne. Ponad 50% chorych z guzami o granicznej złośliwości to kobiety w wieku rozrodczym – u nich leczenie powinno uwzględniać chęć zachowania płodności. Leczenie oszczędzające polega na usunięciu zmian nowotworowych z zachowaniem macicy i przynajmniej fragmentu jednego jajnika oraz oceną stopnia zaawansowania. Obserwacja po leczeniu powinna być wieloletnia, ponieważ nawroty mogą występować po kilku, a nawet kilkunastu latach. Chore z czynnikami ryzyka (zaawansowany stopień FIGO, obecność implantów, niepełny staging lub pozostawiona masa resztkowa nowotworu) przez 2 pierwsze lata powinny mieć kontrole co 3–4 miesiące, a następnie co 6 miesięcy. Podobną obserwację zaleca się u pacjentek po leczeniu oszczędzającym, zwłaszcza że największy odsetek nawrotów występuje w ciągu 2 lat po operacji. Częstość nawrotów wynosi około 10–11%. Najczęściej są to wznowy typu granicznego, niemniej około 30% nawrotów ma charakter inwazyjny (2,5–3% transformacji złośliwej). Leczenie oszczędzające wiąże się z wyższym ryzykiem nawrotu (nawet 35%), jednak wznowy mają charakter graniczny i są skutecznie leczone chirurgicznie. Wystąpienie wznowy inwazyjnej wiąże się ze złym rokowaniem.

Discipline

Year

Volume

13

Issue

4

Pages

234–244

Physical description

Contributors

  • Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland
  • Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland
  • Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland

References

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Document Type

review

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-9e9484e0-94dd-4282-aa83-985043d3a34c
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