Kiedy włączać leczenie II linii w stwardnieniu rozsianym?

• Authors: Jacek Losy

Title variants

EN

When should second-line treatment of multiple sclerosis be started?

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

The aim of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis therapy is to achieve the maximum clinical effect of reducing the number of or eliminating relapses of the disease and achieving the lack of progression of physical disability with a minimum or nonexistent disease activity observed in magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment should be started as soon as possible in order to limit the inflammatory and autoimmune process which leads to neurodegenerative lesions. There are a number of first-line medicines which are used at the beginning of the disease such as interferon beta and glatiramer acetate. Oral drugs have recently been introduced into this group such as dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide, among others. They are characterised by a good safety profile and moderate efficacy. If first-line therapies turn out to be ineffective, second-line medicines are used such as, for example, natalizumab or fingolimod. The views on when second-line therapy should be started and what substances to use have been constantly evolving and the recommendations sometimes differ depending on the country. For instance, fingolimod was approved by the European Medicines Agency as a second-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, while Food and Drug Administration approved it as a first-line therapy for this disease. When selecting a medicine one should take into account disease activity, the efficacy of the treatment used so far, comorbidities as well as potential side effects.

PL

Celem leczenia stwardnienia rozsianego w postaci rzutowo-remisyjnej jest uzyskanie maksymalnego efektu klinicznego w postaci zmniejszenia liczby lub ustąpienia rzutów choroby i braku progresji niewydolności ruchowej przy minimalnej bądź zerowej aktywności obserwowanej w tomografii rezonansu magnetycznego. Leczenie należy rozpocząć jak najwcześniej, tak aby udało się ograniczyć proces zapalno-autoimmunologiczny, prowadzący do zmian neurodegeneracyjnych. Istnieje szereg leków I linii, które stosuje się na początku choroby, takich jak interferon beta i octan glatirameru. Do tej grupy w ostatnim czasie zostały wprowadzone leki doustne, m.in. fumaran dimetylu i teriflunomid. Cechują się one dobrym profilem bezpieczeństwa i umiarkowaną skutecznością. W przypadku braku skuteczności leków I linii stosuje się leki II linii, np. natalizumab czy fingolimod. Poglądy na to, kiedy należy włączać kurację lekami II linii i jakie substancje stosować, nieustannie ewoluują, a zalecenia niekiedy różnią się w zależności od kraju. Przykładem może być fingolimod – zaaprobowany przez European Medicines Agency jako lek II linii, podczas gdy Food and Drug Administration zaaprobowała go jako lek I linii w rzutowo-remisyjnej postaci stwardnienia rozsianego. Wybór konkretnego leku powinien uwzględniać aktywność choroby, skuteczność dotychczasowej terapii, współistniejące schorzenia oraz potencjalne objawy uboczne.

Keywords

EN

immunomodulators; leczenie; leki immunomodulacyjne; multiple sclerosis; stwardnienie rozsiane; therapy

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Journal: Aktualności Neurologiczne
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 15
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 124–129

Contributors

author

Jacek Losy

• Zakład Neuroimmunologii Klinicznej, Katedra i Klinika Neurologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Polska. Zespół Kliniczno-Badawczy Chorób Neuroimmunologicznych, Instytut Medycyny Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej im. Mirosława Mossakowskiego, Polska Akademia Nauk, Polska,

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• Document Type: review