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2016 | 16 | 3 | 146–151

Article title

Rola badania PET/CT w diagnostyce otępień

Content

Title variants

EN
The role of PET/CT in the diagnostics of dementia

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
Rosnąca liczba starszych osób z otępieniem przekłada się na konieczność stosowania nowoczesnych metod obrazowania. Badania czynnościowe oceniające metabolizm glukozy w mózgowiu, takie jak 18F-FDG PET/CT, są przeprowadzane w razie wątpliwości klinicznych i ułatwiają diagnostykę różnicową chorób otępiennych. W przypadku choroby Alzheimera zaburzenia metabolizmu glukozy uwidaczniają się przede wszystkim w obrębie obu okolic skroniowo-ciemieniowych, tylnych części zakrętów obręczy, przedklinka, a także części przyśrodkowych płatów skroniowych. W otępieniu z ciałami Lewy’ego zaburzenia metabolizmu glukozowego dotyczą płatów potylicznych i obu okolic skroniowo-ciemieniowych. W zwyrodnieniu czołowo-skroniowym zmiany obserwuje się przede wszystkim w płatach czołowych i biegunach przednich płatów skroniowych. Z kolei w otępieniu naczyniopochodnym widoczne są liczne, rozsiane ubytki gromadzenia znacznika w obrębie mózgowia – zarówno kory, jak i jąder podkorowych. Charakterystyczne zaburzenia metabolizmu glukozy są obecne również w innych, rzadszych chorobach neurodegeneracyjnych, takich jak zwyrodnienie korowo-podstawne i zanik tylnej części mózgu. W zwyrodnieniu korowo-podstawnym obserwuje się zmniejszone gromadzenie 18F-FDG w obrębie kory czucioworuchowej, w jądrach podkorowych oraz we wzgórzu po zajętej stronie, natomiast w zaniku tylnej części mózgu – w obrębie obu okolic ciemieniowo-potylicznych. Oprócz metabolizmu glukozy można oceniać obecność amyloidu β w mózgowiu. Uważa się, że negatywny wynik badania PET/CT pod kątem amyloidu β pozwala na wykluczenie choroby Alzheimera jako przyczyny zespołu otępiennego. Zastosowanie nieinwazyjnych badań PET/CT umożliwia wczesne postawienie diagnozy zespołu otępiennego i ustalenie rokowania.
EN
A growing number of people with dementia translates into the necessity to use modern imaging methods. Function tests assessing glucose metabolism in the brain, such as 18F-FDG PET/CT, are conducted in the case of clinical doubts and facilitate the differential diagnostics of dementia. In the case of the Alzheimer’s disease, glucose metabolism disorders become visible, above all, in the area of both the parietotemporal areas, posterior parts of the callosal gyrus, the precuneus as well as medial temporal lobe. In the case of dementia with the Lewy bodies, glucose metabolism disorders relate to the occipital lobes and both the parietotemporal areas. In the case of frontotemporal dementia, lesions are observed, above all, in the frontal lobes and poles of the anterior temporal lobes. On the other hand, in the case of vasogenic dementia, there are numerous, spread deficits visible in collecting a marker within the brain – both the cortex and the subcortical nuclei. Characteristic glucose metabolism disorders are present also in the case of other, less common neurodegenerative diseases, such as corticobasal degeneration and the atrophy of the posterior part of the brain. In the case of corticobasal degeneration, one can observe a decreased collection of 18F-FDG within the sensory-motor cortex, in the subcortical nuclei and the thalamus on the side with the disease, while in the case of atrophy of the posterior part of the brain – within both the parieto-occipital areas. Besides glucose metabolism, it is possible to assess the presence of β amyloid in the brain. It is deemed that a negative result of PET/CT for β amyloid enables to exclude the Alzheimer’s disease as being the cause of dementia. The utilisation of non-invasive PET/CT makes it possible to early diagnose dementia and determine the prognosis.

Discipline

Year

Volume

16

Issue

3

Pages

146–151

Physical description

Contributors

  • Zakład Medycyny Nuklearnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska
  • Zakład Medycyny Nuklearnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska

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Document Type

article

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-7aefb098-de57-46dc-adb7-fa2f3825f78e
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