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2018 | 14 | 4 | 376-380

Article title

Severe atopic dermatitis in children: therapeutic dilemmas

Content

Title variants

PL
Atopowe zapalenie skóry o ciężkim przebiegu u dzieci: dylematy terapeutyczne

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Atopic dermatitis is the most common skin disorder diagnosed in early childhood. Some children do not experience a relief of symptoms as they get older, and severe atopic dermatitis may develop, with manifestations including widespread skin lesions and unremitting itching. The disease is both physically and emotionally disabling, and significantly compromises the patient’s quality of life. Indications to intensify therapy include resistance to topical treatment and multidrug resistance. However, in many cases non-adherence to the treatment regimen, including inadequate skin care techniques, contribute to the development of severe or refractory atopic dermatitis. Persistent eczematous lesions may be a result of exacerbating environmental factors, secondary infection, and hypersensitivity reactions to topical treatments or other allergens. Wet-wrap treatment with topical corticosteroids, narrow-band UVB phototherapy and systemic immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporine A, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine, are recommended for the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis in children. However, there are no evidence-based guidelines for using these agents. Systemic corticosteroids should be avoided, but they can be used for a short period of time for the immediate relief of acute flares before introducing other therapies. Patients need a holistic approach including education and modern biopsychosocial techniques. Paediatric studies are currently under way to test the safety and tolerability of dupilumab which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2017 for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.
PL
Atopowe zapalenie skóry jest najczęstszym schorzeniem skóry rozpoznawanym we wczesnym dzieciństwie. U części dzieci objawy nie łagodnieją w miarę dorastania, lecz rozwija się atopowe zapalenie skóry o ciężkim przebiegu z uogólnionymi zmianami skórnymi, uporczywym świądem; choroba przyczynia się do cierpienia fizycznego i psychicznego, znacząco pogarszając jakość życia. Sygnałem do intensyfikacji terapii powinna być oporność na leczenie zewnętrzne i wielolekowość. Jednak w wielu przypadkach przyczyną ciężkiego i opornego na terapię atopowego zapalenia skóry jest niedostosowanie się do zaleceń terapeutycznych (non-adherence), w tym nieprawidłowa pielęgnacja skóry. Uporczywość zmian wypryskowych może być także skutkiem narażenia na środowiskowe czynniki drażniące, wtórnej infekcji, reakcji nadwrażliwości na leki zewnętrzne czy inne alergeny. W ciężkim atopowym zapaleniu skóry u dzieci zaleca się stosowanie mokrych opatrunków z kortykosteroidami miejscowymi, fototerapii światłem wąskopasmowym UVB, ogólnoustrojowych leków immunosupresyjnych, takich jak cyklosporyna A, metotreksat, mykofenolan mofetylu i azatiopryna. Brak jest wytycznych opartych na dowodach naukowych dotyczących leczenia tymi lekami. Należy unikać kortykosteroidów ogólnych, ale można zastosować krótkotrwałą terapię w celu szybkiego opanowania dużych zaostrzeń przed wdrożeniem innych form leczenia. Pacjenci wymagają podejścia holistycznego, obejmującego edukację i stosowanie nowoczesnych technik biopsychospołecznych. W populacji pediatrycznej obecnie prowadzone są badania kliniczne oceniające bezpieczeństwo i tolerancję dupilumabu, leku biologicznego zaaprobowanego w 2017 roku przez amerykańską Agencję ds. Żywności i Leków w leczeniu umiarkowanego i ciężkiego atopowego zapalenia skóry u dorosłych.

Discipline

Year

Volume

14

Issue

4

Pages

376-380

Physical description

Contributors

  • Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  • Paediatric Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, I-d Med s.c., Bielsko-Biała, Poland

References

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Document Type

article

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-6bab8fbe-c77b-496a-b57e-b97a093bbc5f
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