Klozapina: między skutecznością a bezpieczeństwem

• Authors: Tomasz Sobów

Title variants

EN

Clozapine: between efficacy and safety

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

Although clozapine is considered to be an effective antipsychotic agent, it is used less frequently than dictated by its properties and supported by clinical trials. At least 1/3 of schizophrenia patients are treatment-resistant, carry a high risk of suicide or suffer from severe extrapyramidal symptoms related to other antipsychotics. A possible reason for the relative underuse of clozapine in clinical practice is its perception as a drug burdened with serious side effects. Agranulocytosis and other blood dyscrasias are well known, and the principles of prevention are established in recommendations. Other side effects, including potentially dangerous ones, such as cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, intestinal obstruction or convulsions, are less known. These side effects can be prevented, detected and treated provided that clinical vigilance is maintained. The awareness of benefits and risks associated with the use of clozapine is a prerequisite for efficient and safe use of this medication and for taking full advantage of its unique properties.

PL

Klozapina, choć uważana za bardzo skuteczny lek przeciwpsychotyczny, jest stosowana rzadziej, niż wynikałoby z przesłanek klinicznych wspierających jej stosowanie. Co najmniej 1/3 chorych ze schizofrenią spełnia kliniczne kryteria lekooporności, charakteryzuje się wysokim ryzykiem samobójstwa lub reaguje nasilonymi objawami pozapiramidowymi na inne leki przeciwpsychotyczne. Możliwym powodem relatywnie rzadkiego sięgania po klozapinę w praktyce klinicznej jest postrzeganie leku jako obarczonego poważnymi objawami niepożądanymi. Agranulocytoza i inne dyskrazje krwi są dobrze znane, a zasady prewencji – uporządkowane zaleceniami. O innych objawach niepożądanych, również tych potencjalnie niebezpiecznych (kardiomiopatia, zapalenia mięśnia sercowego, niedrożność jelit czy drgawki) wiadomo mniej. Ryzyko wystąpienia groźnych powikłań kuracji klozapiną można jednak zminimalizować, a same powikłania – wykrywać i leczyć, pod warunkiem zachowania czujności diagnostycznej. Świadomość ryzyka i korzyści związanych ze stosowaniem klozapiny to warunek konieczny skutecznego i bezpiecznego użycia tego leku oraz pełnego wykorzystania jego niezwykłych właściwości.

Keywords

EN

clozapine; efficacy; klozapina; leczenie; objawy niepożądane; schizofrenia; schizophrenia; side effects; skuteczność; treatment

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 15
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 57-60

Contributors

author

Tomasz Sobów

• Zakład Psychologii Lekarskiej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi

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• Document Type: review