Microbial Quality, Proximate, and Mineral Composition of Different Species of Freshwater Snails: A Comparative Study on Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822), Lanistes libycus (Morelet, 1848), and Pomacea canaliculate (Lamarck, 1822)

• Authors: Nnenna J. P. Omorodion , Doris I. Onwusoro
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

This study presents a thorough investigation into the microbial and mineral composition of freshwater snails, specifically Achatina fulica, Lanistes libycus, and Pomacea canaliculata, employing standard microbiological methods. Microbial assessments revealed significant variation in heterotrophic bacteria counts across the species. For Achatina fulica, counts ranged from 5.0 × 10⁷ cfu/g to 4.45 × 10⁹ cfu/g. In Lanistes libycus, the counts varied from 3.6 × 10⁵ cfu/g to 2.02 × 10⁷ cfu/g, while Pomacea canaliculata exhibited counts from 7.95 × 10⁵ cfu/g to 2.78 × 10⁶ cfu/g. Vibrio counts demonstrated diversity, with Achatina fulica showing a range from 1.35 × 10³ CFU/g to 1.78 × 10⁴ cfu/g, Lanistes libycus ranging from 4.05 × 10³ cfu/g to 7.1 × 10³ cfu/g, and Pomacea canaliculata presenting counts between 1.4 × 10³ cfu/g and 8.5 × 10³ CFU/g. Staphylococcus counts varied among the species: Achatina fulica had counts ranging from 2.95 × 10⁴ cfu/g to 2.51 × 10⁵ cfu/g, Lanistes libycus ranged from 9.05 × 10³ cfu/g to 5.7 × 10⁴ cfu/g, and Pomacea canaliculata exhibited counts between 9.0 × 10² cfu/g and 1.98 × 10⁴ cfu/g. Coliform counts also demonstrated a wide range, with the highest counts observed in Achatina fulica (from 7.6 × 10⁴ cfu/g to 2.18 × 10⁶ cfu/g), Lanistes libycus ranging from 4.469 × 10⁴ cfu/g to 8.356 × 10⁵ cfu/g, and Pomacea canaliculata showing counts between 3.05 × 10⁴ cfu/g and 1.95 × 10⁵ cfu/g. Morphological and biochemical characterization identified thirteen genera of bacteria, including 19.2% Staphylococcus, 4.3% Micrococcus, 8.5% Bacillus, 6.2% Corynebacterium, 11.3% Escherichia coli, 5.0% Klebsiella, 10.6% Pseudomonas, 9.2% Vibrio, 5.0 Serratia, 7.1% Enterobacter, 3.6% Salmonella, 4.3% Citrobacter, and 5.7% Proteus. The proximate composition analysis revealed variations in ash content, moisture content, lipid content, crude protein, and carbohydrate levels among the species. The mineral analysis included measurements of phosphorus, calcium, and potassium content across the different snail species. These findings enhance our understanding of the microbial ecology, nutritional richness, and mineral composition of freshwater snails. This research lays a foundation for future investigations into the ecological significance of these snails and their potential applications in human nutrition, highlighting their importance in both ecological conservation and dietary considerations.

Keywords

EN

Achatina fulica; Fresh water snail; Lanistes libycus; Microbial quality; Pomacea canaliculata; Proximate and Mineral composition; Vibrio species

Discipline

• MICROBIOLOGY: MICROBIOLOGY

• Publisher: Scientific Publishing House „DARWIN”
• Journal: World News of Natural Sciences
• Year: 2024
• Volume: 57
• Pages: 256-269

Contributors

author

Nnenna J. P. Omorodion

• Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria

author

Doris I. Onwusoro

• Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria

References

• [1] Adebayo-Tayo, B.C., Onilude, A.A. & Etuk F.I. (2011). Studies on Microbiological, Proximate Mineral and Heavy Metal Composition of Freshwater Snails from Niger Delta Creek in Nigeria. AU J.T. 14(4) (2011) 290-298
• [2] Chen, L., Li, S., Xiao, Q. et al. Composition and diversity of gut microbiota in Pomacea canaliculate in sexes and between developmental stages. BMC Microbiol 21(4) (2021) 200
• [3] Abuoa, F.. Proximate analysis and mineral contents of two Giant African snails consumed in Ivory Coast. Tropical Science, England. 35 (1995) 220-222
• [4] AOAC, (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC. (1990)
• [5] Diasso D. Aliments de rue prépares et vendus à « ciel ouvert. Food Nutr. 14(5) (2018) 2-10
• [6] Ekundayo E.O., Fagade S.O. Microbial flora associated with soils of edible snail farms in Southern Nigeria. Niger. J. Soil Sci. 15 (2005) 7565-7580
• [7] Nyoagbe L.A., Appiah V., Nketsia-Tabiri J., Larbi D., Adjei I. Evaluation of African giant snails (Achatina and Archachatina) obtained from markets (wild) and breeding farms. Afr. J. Food Sci. Res. 10(7) (2016) 94-104
• [8] Barimah M.N.Y. University of Ghana; Ghana. Microbiological Quality of Edible Land Snails from Selected Markets in Ghana. Master Thesis. (2013) p. 110
• [9] European Commission Regulation (EC) 2073/2005 Microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Union. (2005) 338: 1-26
• [10] Brooks G.F., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. In: Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 23rd Edition. Brooks G.F., Butel J.S., Morse S.A., editors. Vol. 223. McGraw-Hill Companies; New York. The staphylococci; (2004) 225-227
• [11] Bukola C.A., Abiodun A.O., Florence I.E. Studies on microbiological, proximate mineral and heavy metal composition of freshwater snails from Niger Delta Creek in Nigeria. Technical Report. AU J.T. 14(4) (2011) 290-298
• [12] Adagbada A.O., Orok A.B., Adesida S.A. The prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Entero-pathogens isolated from land sails eaten in Cross-River and Akwa-Ibom States South-Southern Nigeria. Asian J. Pharmaceut. Health Sci. 1(3) (2011) 123-127
• [13] Temelli S., Dokuzlu C., Kurtulus C., Sen M. Determination of microbiological contamination sources during frozen snail meat processing stages. Food Control. 17 (2016) 22-29
• [14] European Commission Regulation (EC) 2073/2005 Microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Union. 2005; 338: 1-26
• [15] Mouafo H.T., Baomog A.M.B., Adjele J.J.B., Sokamte A.T., Mbawala A., Ndjouenkeu R. Microbial profile of fresh beef sold in the markets of Ngaoundéré Cameroon, and antiadhesive activity of a biosurfactant against selected bacterial pathogens. J. Food Qual. (2020) 1-10
• [16] Danilova I., Danilova T. The influence of the environment on microbiological parameters of snails' meat. Ukr. J. Ecol. 9(3) (2019) 37–40.
• [17] Temelli S., Dokuzlu C., Kurtulus C., Sen M. Determination of microbiological contamination sources during frozen snail meat processing stages. Food Control. 17(2006) 22-29
• [18] Ebenso I., Ekwere A., Akpan B., Okon B., Inyang U., Ebenso G. Occurrence of Salmonella, Vibro and E. coli in edible land snails in Niger Delta, Nigeria. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 2(2) (2012) 610-618
• [19] Nyoagbe L.A., Appiah V., Nketsia-Tabiri J., Larbi D., Adjei I. Evaluation of African giant snails (Achatina and Archachatina) obtained from markets (wild) and breeding farms. Afr. J. Food Sci. Res. 10(7) (2016) 94-104
• [20] Adegoke A.A., Adebayo-Tayo C.B., Inyang U.C., Aiyegoro A.O., Komolfe O.A. Snails as meat source; epidemiological and nutritive perspective. J. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 2(1) (2010) 1-5
• [21] Ejidike, B.N., Oyekunle, S.K.. Survival and growth performance of African land snail Juvenile reared on different soil types. J. Molluscan Res. 5 (2019) 25-30
• [22] Fagbuaro, S.S.,Carcass characteristics, proximate composition and mineral analysis of African giant snail (Archachantina marginata). ECORFAN J. Mexico 6 (14) (2015) 1162-1169
• [23] Marcel, K.N., Rosemonde, Y.A., Patricia, K.A., Alexandre, Z.B.F.G., Ambroise, A.N., Ernest, A.K.. Evaluation of the nutritional potential of snail (Achatina spp.) meat in Rat. Eur. Sci. J. 16 (12) (2020) 111-121
• [24] Fagbuaro, O., Oso, J.A., Edward, J.B., Ogunleye, R.F. Nutritional status of four species of giant land snails in Nigeria. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B. Sep. 7 (9) (2006) 686–689.
• [25] Daminabo V. & Kpormon L.B. . Evaluation of Bacteriological Quality and Proximate Composition of African Giant Snail (Archachatina Marginata) Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. African Journal of Advanced Sciences & Technology Research, 11(1) (2023)1-11.
• [26] Egwu, O. C., Jennifer, U. O., Goretti, A. C. M., Uchechukwu, O. & Marksydney, E. U. Toxic Elements and Microbial Loads in African Giant Land Snail (Archachatina margenata) reared with Waste Contaminated Soil. Applied Research in Scince and Technology, 1(1) (2021) 26-35.
• [27] Gupta A, Gupta R, Singh RL. Microbes and Environment. Principles and Applications of Environmental Biotechnology for a Sustainable Future. 15 (2016) 43–84.
• [28] Horton DJ, Theis KR, Uzarski DG, Learman DR. Microbial community structure and microbial networks correspond to nutrient gradients within coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. (2019) 95(4): fiz033
• [29] International Commission of Microbiological Specification for Food (ICMSF). Microorganisms in foods. Vol. 1: Their significance and methods of enumeration. 2nd ed., F.S. Thatcher and D.S. Clark (eds.). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON, Canada, 9 (1982) 19-30.
• [30] Irfan, S. and Alatawi, A. Aquatic Ecosystem and Biodiversity: A Review. Open Journal of Ecology, 9 (2019) 1-13
• [31] Min, F.; Wang, J.; Liu, X.; Yuan, Y.; Guo, Y.; Zhu, K.; Chai, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Li, S. Environmental Factors Affecting Freshwater Snail Intermediate Hosts in Shenzhen and Adjacent Region, South China. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 7 (2022) 426
• [32] Nkansah MA, Agyei EA, Opoku F. Mineral and proximate composition of the meat and shell of three snail species. Heliyon (2021), 7(10): e08149
• [33] Parveen S, Chakraborty A, Chanda DK, Pramanik S, Barik A, Aditya G. Microstructure Analysis and Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of the Shells of Three Freshwater Snails. ACS Omega 5(40) (2020) 25757-25771
• [34] Pissia, M.A., Matsakidou A. & Kiosseoglou, V. Raw materials from snails for food preparation. Future Foods 3 (2021) 100034
• [35] Scherer C, Brennholt N, Reifferscheid G, Wagner M. Feeding type and development drive the ingestion of micro plastics by freshwater invertebrates. Sci Rep. 7(1) (2017) 17006
• [36] United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) Sanitation of shellfish growing areas. Seafood safety. F.E. Ahmed (ed.). National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. (1991)
• [37] WHO/FAO. Codex alimentarius commission. Food additives and contaminants. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, ALINORM 10/12A. (2001)

• Document Type: article