Reaktywność układu odpornościowego w niektórych zaburzeniach psychicznych

• Authors: Elżbieta Kozłowska , Paulina Żelechowska , Tomasz Sobów , Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk

Title variants

EN

The reactivity of the immune system in some psychiatric disorders

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

Without any doubt, one of the most important roles of the immune system is protection against various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Currently, it is well known that any changes in its activity lead to an increase in the frequency of infectious diseases. There are some data available, suggesting that in patients with psychiatric disorders, such as depressive disorder, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, immune system reactivity is modified. In this review, the activity of some innate immunity elements, such as the number and the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, the activity of the complement system, the number of neutrophils, the activity of monocytes/macrophages, the concentration of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitric species, the concentration of acute phase proteins (e.g. C-reactive proteins, mannose-binding lectin) in patients with mental disorders is presented. Also, cytokine and chemokine concentrations (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF, IFN-γ) in patients with psychiatric disorders are discussed. Finally, the alterations in adaptive immunity response, including B cell and T cell subpopulation number, and immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE) are demonstrated. It should be stressed, however, that data concerning the immune system reactivity in patients with different mental disorders are still scarce and ambiguous. Further studies are needed, therefore, to fully explain the relationship between psychiatric disorders and immune system functioning.

PL

Jednym z najważniejszych zadań układu odpornościowego jest bez wątpienia obrona organizmu przed patogenami, w tym bakteriami, wirusami, grzybami i pasożytami. Jakiekolwiek zmiany aktywności tego układu prowadzą do zwiększenia zapadalności na choroby infekcyjne. Pojawiają się doniesienia, zgodnie z którymi u pacjentów cierpiących na choroby psychiczne, np. depresję, schizofrenię czy chorobę dwubiegunową, reaktywność układu odpornościowego jest zmieniona. W pracy przedstawiono informacje dotyczące wybranych elementów odporności nabytej – liczebności i cytotoksyczności komórek NK, aktywności układu dopełniacza, liczebności neutrofilów, aktywności monocytów/makrofagów, stężenia reaktywnych form tlenu, reaktywnych form azotu i białek ostrej fazy (białka C-reaktywnego, lektyny wiążącej mannozę) – u pacjentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Ponadto zaprezentowano dane na temat stężenia cytokin i chemokin (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF, IFN-γ) u tych chorych. Omówiono także zmiany w odpowiedzi nabytej układu odpornościowego, w tym liczebność subpopulacji limfocytów B i limfocytów T oraz poziom immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE). Jako że dane z tego zakresu są bardzo nieliczne i niejednoznaczne, należy prowadzić dalsze badania dotyczące zależności między reaktywnością układu odpornościowego a zaburzeniami psychicznymi.

Keywords

EN

immune system; psychiatric disorders; psychoneuroimmunologia; psychoneuroimmunology; układ odpornościowy; zaburzenia psychiczne

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 15
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 182–188

Contributors

author

Elżbieta Kozłowska

• Zakład Immunologii Doświadczalnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Polska

author

Paulina Żelechowska

• Zakład Immunologii Doświadczalnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Polska

author

Tomasz Sobów

• Zakład Psychologii Lekarskiej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Polska

author

Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk

• Zakład Immunologii Doświadczalnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Polska

References

• Baskak SC, Ozsan H, Baskak B et al.: [Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte subset ratios before and after treatment in schizophrenia patients not taking antipsychotic medication]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2008; 19: 5–12.
• Başterzi AD, Yazici K, Buturak V et al.: Effects of venlafaxine and fluoxetine on lymphocyte subsets in patients with major depressive disorder: a flow cytometric analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34: 70–75.
• Bouhuys AL, Flentge F, Oldehinkel AJ et al.: Potential psychosocial mechanisms linking depression to immune function in elderly subjects. Psychiatry Res 2004; 127: 237–245.
• Cazzullo CL, Saresella M, Roda K et al.: Increased levels of CD8+ and CD4+ 45RA+ lymphocytes in schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 1998; 31: 49–55.
• Cubała WJ, Landowski J: C-reactive protein and cortisol in drug-naïve patients with short-illness-duration first episode major depressive disorder: possible role of cortisol immunomodulatory action at early stage of the disease. J Affect Disord 2014; 152–154: 534–537.
• Dean B: Understanding the role of inflammatory-related pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders: evidence from human peripheral studies and CNS studies. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 14: 997–1012.
• Demir S, Atli A, Bulut M et al.: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with major depressive disorder undergoing no pharmacological therapy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 27: 2253–2258.
• DiSpirito JR, Mathis D: Immunological contributions to adipose tissue homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2015; 27: 315–321.
• Flentge F, van den Berg MD, Bouhuys AL et al.: Increase of NK-T cells in aged depressed patients not treated with antidepressive drugs. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48: 1024–1027.
• Frank MG, Hendricks SE, Johnson DR et al.: Antidepressants augment natural killer cell activity: in vivo and in vitro. Neuropsychobiology 1999; 39: 18–24.
• Gariup M, Gonzalez A, Lázaro L et al.: IL-8 and the innate immunity as biomarkers in acute child and adolescent psychopathology. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 62: 233–242.
• Gazal M, Jansen K, Souza LD et al.: Association of interleukin-10 levels with age of onset and duration of illness in patients with major depressive disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2015; 37: 296–302.
• Girgis RR, Kumar SS, Brown AS: The cytokine model of schizophrenia: emerging therapeutic strategies. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75: 292–299.
• Gold PW, Pavlatou MG, Carlson PJ et al.: Unmedicated, remitted patients with major depression have decreased serum immunoglobulin A. Neurosci Lett 2012; 520: 1–5.
• Grosse L, Carvalho LA, Birkenhager TK et al.: Circulating cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells as potential predictors for antidepressant response in melancholic depression. Restoration of T regulatory cell populations after antidepressant therapy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3943-9.
• Hakobyan S, Boyajyan A, Sim RB: Classical pathway complement activity in schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2005; 374: 35–37.
• Hernandez ME, Martinez-Fong D, Perez-Tapia M et al.: Evaluation of the effect of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors on lymphocyte subsets in patients with a major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 20: 88–95.
• Himmerich H, Milenović S, Fulda S et al.: Regulatory T cells increased while IL-1β decreased during antidepressant therapy. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44: 1052–1057.
• Hocaoglu C, Kural B, Aliyazıcıoglu R et al.: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α and its relationship with lipid parameters in patients with major depression. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27: 425–430.
• Kim YK, Jung HG, Myint AM et al.: Imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2007; 104: 91–95.
• Kook AI, Mizruchin A, Odnopozov N et al.: Depression and immunity: the biochemical interrelationship between the central nervous system and the immune system. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 37: 817–819.
• Maes M, Delange J, Ranjan R et al.: Acute phase proteins in schizophrenia, mania and major depression: modulation by psychotropic drugs. Psychiatry Res 1997; 66: 1–11.
• Maes M, Kubera M, Mihaylova I et al.: Increased autoimmune responses against auto-epitopes modified by oxidative and nitrosative damage in depression: implications for the pathways to chronic depression and neuroprogression. J Affect Disord 2013; 49: 23–29.
• Mayilyan KR, Arnold JN, Presanis JS et al.: Increased complement classical and mannan-binding lectin pathway activities in schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2006; 404: 336–341.
• Mazzarello V, Cecchini A, Fenu G et al.: Lymphocytes in schizophrenic patients under therapy: serological, morphological and cell subset findings. Ital J Anat Embryol 2004; 109: 177–188.
• Mizruchin A, Gold I, Krasnov I et al.: Comparison of the effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the CNS on the activity of the immune system. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 101: 201–204.
• Pariante CM, Miller AH: Natural killer cell activity in major depression: a prospective study of the in vivo effects of desmethylimipramine treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1995; 5 Suppl: 83–88.
• Park EJ, Lee JH, Jeong DC et al.: Natural killer cell activity in patients with major depressive disorder treated with escitalopram. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28: 409–413.
• Rothermundt M, Arolt V, Weitzsch C et al.: Immunological dysfunction in schizophrenia: a systematic approach. Neuropsychobiology 1998; 37: 186–193.
• Schleifer SJ, Keller SE, Bartlett JA: Depression and immunity: clinical factors and therapeutic course. Psychiatry Res 1999; 85: 63–69.
• Steiner J, Jacobs R, Panteli B et al.: Acute schizophrenia is accompanied by reduced T cell and increased B cell immunity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260: 509–518.
• Steiner J, Westphal S, Schroeter ML et al.: Increased S100B+ NK cell counts in acutely ill schizophrenia patients are correlated with the free cortisol index, but not with S100B serum levels. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26: 564–567.
• Talarowska M, Gałecki P, Maes M et al.: Nitric oxide plasma concentration associated with cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2012; 510: 127–131.
• Varsak N, Aydin M, Eren I: Evaluation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in first-episode psychosis. Klinik Psikofarmakol Bülteni 2015; 25 (Suppl 1): S9–S10.
• Verduijn J, Milaneschi Y, Schoevers RA et al.: Pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: mechanisms involved in etiology are not associated with clinical progression. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5: e649.
• Wei J, Zhang M, Zhou J: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in major depression patients suppress T-cell responses through the production of reactive oxygen species. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228: 695–701.
• Wensveen FM, Valentić S, Šestan M et al.: Interactions between adipose tissue and the immune system in health and malnutrition. Semin Immunol 2015; 27: 322–333.
• Wium-Andersen MK, Ørsted DD, Nordestgaard BG: Elevated C-reactive protein and late-onset bipolar disorder in 78 809 individuals from the general population. Br J Psychiatry 2015. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.150870.
• Wong CT, Tsoi WF, Saha N: Acute phase proteins in male Chinese schizophrenic patients in Singapore. Schizophr Res 1996; 22: 165–171.
• Zunszain PA, Hepgul N, Pariante CM: Inflammation and depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2013; 14: 135–151.

• Document Type: review