Struktura i funkcje białka Klotho

• Authors: Agnieszka Szymczak , Ewa Forma

Title variants

EN

Structure and functions of Klotho protein

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Gen Klotho, odkryty został w roku 1997, a jego nazwa wywodzi się od imienia greckiej bogini Klotho, która przędła nić ludzkiego żywota. Myszy z inaktywowanym genem Klotho wykazują cechy przedwczesnego starzenia się, natomiast nadekspresja Klotho skutkuje wydłużeniem czasu ich życia. Białko Klotho występuje w dwóch formach - transbłonowej oraz sekrecyjnej, którym przypisuje się odmienne funkcje. Najwyższą ekspresję transbłonowej formy Klotho obserwuje się w nerkach i splotach naczyniówkowych komór mózgowych. Forma ta, funkcjonuje jako koreceptor dla czynnika wzrostu fibroblastów 23 (FGF23), który uczestniczy w utrzymywaniu homeostazy fosforanowej oraz regulacji metabolizmu witaminy D. Sekrecyjna postać białka, której obecność wykazano w osoczu, płynie mózgowordzeniowym oraz w moczu, funkcjonuje jako czynnik humoralny. Reguluje ona aktywność kanałów jonowych, transporterów błonowych, a także receptorów dla czynników wzrostu. Poprzez modyfikację N-glikanów kanałów TRPV5, Klotho sekrecyjne bierze udział w utrzymywaniu homeostazy jonów wapnia. Ponadto, sekrecyjna postać białka uczestniczy w hamowaniu szlaku insuliny/insulinopodobnego czynnika wzrostu. Ostatnie doniesienia sugerują, iż Klotho spełnia także rolę supresora procesu nowotworzenia. Obniżenie ekspresji genu Klotho wykazano m.in. w raku piersi, trzustki, żołądka, jelita grubego, płuc oraz w raku szyjki macicy. Spadek ekspresji genu Klotho skorelowany jest z bardziej agresywnym fenotypem badanych nowotworów. Wśród mechanizmów leżących u podstaw obniżenia ekspresji Klotho wyróżnia się m.in. hipermetylację wysp CpG w obrębie regionu promotorowego oraz deacetylację histonów.

EN

Klotho gene was identified in 1997, and named after a Greek goddess Klotho, who spun the thread of life. The inactivation of Klotho gene in mice leads to a syndrome resembling aging, whereas the overexpression of Klotho extends their life span. Protein Klotho exists in two forms: membrane and secreted Klotho which play different functions. The highest expression of transmembrane form of Klotho is observed in the kidney and choroid plexus in the brain. The transmembran form of Klotho acts as a coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and regulates phosphate homeostasis band vitamin D metabolism. The secreted form of Klotho, which was detected in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine functions as a humoral factor that regulates the activity of several ion channels, transporters, and growth factor receptors. Moreover, this form of Klotho protein can modify N-glycans of TRPV5 channel and regulate calcium homeostasis. The secreted Klotho can also inhibit the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathways. Last data suggest that Klotho can act as a tumor supressor gene. The decrease of Klotho expression was observed in the breast, pancreas, stomach, colon, lung and cervical cancer. Moreover, the decrease of Klotho expression was correlated with the more aggressive phenotype of examined cancers. Downregulation of Klotho gene was associated with CpG hypermethylation of promoter region and histones deacetylation.

Keywords

EN

Klotho protein; TRPV; białko Klotho; calcium; czynnikiwzrostu fibroblastów; fibroblastgrowth factors; fosfor; neoplasms; nowotwory; phosphorus; vitamin D; wapń; witamina D

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
• Journal: Folia Medica Lodziensia
• Year: 2012
• Volume: 39
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 151-187

Contributors

author

Agnieszka Szymczak

• Katedra Cytobiochemii, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska Uniwersytet Łódzki

author

Ewa Forma

• Katedra Cytobiochemii, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska Uniwersytet Łódzki

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• Document Type: paper