Air Quality Parameters and Human Health Risk Assessment in Nigeria

• Authors: Lyambee B. Gav , Zack M. Agbendeh , Sesugh Ande , Sylvester M. Tongu , Peter O. Onuwa , Aloysius A. Pam , Julius N. Tsaviv , Shaapera Ugbidye , Peter O. Onuwa , Aloysius A. Pam , Julius Tsav , Shaapera Ugbidye , Onche Emmanuel , Abdulazeez Amajid , Godwin M. Mafuyai , Ishaq S. Eneji
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

One of the challenges in assessing air quality parameters in Nigeria is the lack of comprehensive data due to limited monitoring stations across the country. Seven sampling stations (Lagos, Port Harcourt, Enugu, Makurdi, Kano, Maiduguri and Abuja) were chosen across the six geographical zones in Nigeria to monitor five parameters (PM, CO, NO2, SO2, and O3) for ninety days consecutively, using remote sensing techniques. The results obtained shows that the general pattern of these pollutants in ascending order is: Port Harcourt < Maiduguri < Makurdi < Lagos < Enugu < Abuja < Kano. The low values of NO2 (6.76 g/m3) and SO2 (1.77 g/m3) indicates that the accumulation of potential acid-forming particles known as acid rain is highly limited in Nigeria. The high values of particulates, PM10 (85.0 g/m3) and PM2.5 (50.2 g/m3) are beyond the standards and therefore, can accumulate in the lungs, interfering with their ability to exchange gases. The effects of these pollutants are crucial for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to develop effective strategies that minimize air pollution and safeguard public health. Hence, we recommend public awareness campaigns, green transportation initiatives, and public health interventions as essential for sustainable air quality management.

Keywords

EN

Air Quality; Human Health; Nigeria; Particulate Matters; Remote Sensing; Risk Assessment

Discipline

• CHEMISTRY: CHEMISTRY

• Publisher: Scientific Publishing House „DARWIN”
• Journal: World News of Natural Sciences
• Year: 2024
• Volume: 55
• Pages: 217-230

Contributors

author

Lyambee B. Gav

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

author

Zack M. Agbendeh

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

author

Sesugh Ande

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

author

Sylvester M. Tongu

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

author

Peter O. Onuwa

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

author

Aloysius A. Pam

• Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Kogi State, Lokoja, Nigeria

author

Julius N. Tsaviv

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

author

Shaapera Ugbidye

• Department of Chemistry Karl Kumm University Jos, Plateau State; Jos, Nigeria

author

Peter O. Onuwa

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

author

Aloysius A. Pam

• Department of Chemistry Education, Federal College of Education Okene, Kogi State, Okene, Nigeria

author

Julius Tsav

• Department of Chemistry, University of Jos, Plateau State, Jos, Nigeria

author

Shaapera Ugbidye

• Department of Chemistry Karl Kumm University Jos, Plateau State; Jos, Nigeria

author

Onche Emmanuel

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

author

Abdulazeez Amajid

• Department of Chemistry Education, Federal College of Education Okene, Kogi State, Okene, Nigeria

author

Godwin M. Mafuyai

• Department of Chemistry, University of Jos, Plateau State, Jos, Nigeria

author

Ishaq S. Eneji

• Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria

References

• [1] Oyareme, V. and Osaji, E.I.O. (2022). Environmental Air Quality Parameters Monitory Information Assessments and Its Health Implications on Biotic Factors in Banjul Metropolis, Gambia. Open Access Library Journal, 9, 1-21. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1108428
• [2] Tajudeen, Y., Mohammed, U.F., Mohammed, Z.A., Abdulazeez, A., Abdulagafar, I.B., Musa, B. and Adedayo, J. (2023). Concentrations and health risks of particulate matter (PM2.5) and associated elements in the ambient air of Lagos, SouthWestern Nigeria. Journal of Biological Research and Biotechnology, 21(3): 2141-2149
• [3] World Health Organization (2021). Global air quality guildlines. Particulate matter (PM2.5) and (PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization. 290pp.
• [4] Abulude, O. F., Acha, S., Arifalo, M. K., Akinnusotu, A., Oluwagbayide, D. S., AlShoumik, A. B. and Gbotoso, O. A. (2022). Monitoring of air quality with satellite-based sensor: the case of four towns in Southeast, Nigeria. Asean Journal of Science and Engineering, 3(1): 39-46
• [5] Abaje, I. B., Bello, Y. and Ahmad, S. A. (2020). A review of air quality and concentrations of air pollutants in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 24(2): 373-379
• [6] Ipeaiyeda, A. R., and Adegboyega, D. A. (2017). Assessment of Air Pollutant concentrations Near Major Roads in Residential, Commercial and Industrial Areas in Ibadan City, Nigeria. Journal of Health Pollution, 7(13): 11-21.
• [7] Mahmud, K., Mitra, B., Sakib, M., Hridoy, A. E., Aina, Y. A., Rimi, I., Masiur, S., Leong, M., and Rahman, M. (2023). Temporal assessment of air quality in major cities in Nigeria using satellite data. Atmospheric Environment: X, 20, 100227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100227
• [8] World Health Organization. Ambient (Outdoor) Air Pollution. (2018) Available online: https://www.who.int/ 300 pp. (Accesed March 24, 2022).
• [9] Ukpebor, E. E., Ukpebor, J. E., Eromomene, F., Odiase, J. I. and Okoro, D. (2010). Spatial and DiurnalVariations of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Pollution from Motor Vehicles in an Urban Space. Polish Journal Environmental Studies, 19, 817-823
• [10] Balogun, V. S. and Orimoogunje, O. I. O. (2015). Geo-Spatial mapping of air pollution in Benin City, Nigeria, Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 3(3):1-17.
• [11] Mafuyai, G. M., Kamoh, N. M., Kangpe, N. S., Ayuba, S. M. and Eneji, I. S. (2015). Heavy Metals Contamination in Roadside Dust along Major Traffic Roads in Jos Metropolitan Area, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 5(5): 48–57.
• [12] Eneji, I. S., Itodo U. Adams and Kadili A. Julius (2015): Assessment of HeavyMetals in Indoor Settled Harmattan Dust within the University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria. Open Journal of Air Pollution, 4: 198–207
• [13] Ameh, J. A., Tor-Anyiin, T. A. and Eneji, I. S. (2015). Assessment of Some Gaseous Emissions in Traffic Areas in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria, Open Journal of Air Pollution, 4: 175-183
• [14] Mafuyai, G. M., Eneji, I. S. and Sha’Ato, R. (2014). Concentration of Heavy Metals in Respirable Dust in Jos Metropolitan Area, Nigerian, Open Journal of Air Pollution (OJAP), 3:10-19.
• [15] Eldon D. Enger and Bradley F. Smith (2006). Environmental Sciences: A case study of Interrelationships. Mc Graw Hill Publisher, Tenth Edition, New York, NY 10020. Pp 390 – 395
• [16] Abulude, F O. (2016). Particulate matter; An approach to air pollution. Preprints 2016, 2016070057. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201607.0057.v1, pp14.
• [17] Asthana, D. K. and Asthana, M. (2006). Environment: problems and solutions. 2nd Revised Edition, S Chand and company Ltd, New Delhi, India, 279pp.
• [18] Liang, L., Cong, N., Li, Z., Zhao, Y. and Chen, Y. (2019). Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution: the firstresult of city Health outlook (CHO) project. BMC Public Health, 19: 711

• Document Type: article