Effect of Tetracarpidium conophorum nut extracts on body and organ weights of monosodium glutamate obesity-induced in albino wistar rats

• Authors: Esther Joshua Abraham , Item Justin Atangwho , Chinedu Kinsley Achukee , Inimfon Anthony Udoubom , Cynthia Abang , Iniobong Etukudo Ekon , Kenneth C. Nwankwor
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

This study aimed to assess the effect of Tetracarpidium conophorum nut extracts on body weight and organ/tissue weight in monosodium glutamate obesity- induced in Wistar rats. With the global obesity epidemic lacking an effective cure, this investigation holds significance. Twenty-five Wistar rats (15 males and 10 females) were utilized, housed in well-ventilated cages at a 3:2 female-to-male ratio Monosodium glutamate was induced in pups using intraperitoneal monosodium glutamate injections from postnatal days 2 through 10. Normal controls received saline, and all experimental animals were raised on standard rat chow until reaching a weight of ≥150g. The study encompassed five groups, each consisting of 7 animals. Groups IV, V, and VI were treated with Tetracarpidium conophorum nut extracts: ethanol whole extract (EWE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE), and ethanol residue (ER), respectively. Group III, the standard control was given 5.14g/kg of Orlistat reconstituted in normal saline. Experimental animals of groups I and II served as the normal and obese controls, respectively. After a six-week treatment period, the animals were euthanized for organ harvesting. Results indicated varying weight changes among treatment groups compared to controls. The EWE-treated group displayed a notable decrease in weight (-1.40 ± 8.42) compared to the obese control (8.29 ± 8.29). Similarly, EAE-treated animals exhibited weight reduction (-6.90 ± 12.29), as did the ER-treated group (-0.10 ± 12.22). Evidently, EWE treatment induced the most substantial weight loss. Tetracarpidium conophorum nut extracts demonstrated potential in alleviating obesity-related weight gain in the rat model.

Keywords

EN

Monosodium glutamatet; Nutt extract; Obesity; Orlistat; Tetracarpidium conophorum

Discipline

• BIOCHEMISTRY: BIOCHEMISTRY

• Publisher: Scientific Publishing House „DARWIN”
• Journal: World News of Natural Sciences
• Year: 2024
• Volume: 52
• Pages: 1-11

Contributors

author

Esther Joshua Abraham

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

author

Item Justin Atangwho

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

author

Chinedu Kinsley Achukee

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

author

Inimfon Anthony Udoubom

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

author

Cynthia Abang

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

author

Iniobong Etukudo Ekon

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

author

Kenneth C. Nwankwor

• Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria

References

• [1] Cardel MI, Atkinson MA, Taveras EM, Holm JC, Kelly AS. Obesity Treatment Among Adolescents: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Jun 1; 174(6): 609-617. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0085
• [2] Mcdowell Cook, Acree, Missing The Forest For The Trees: The Causes Of The Obesity Epidemic (2023). Public Health Theses. 2306. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ysphtdl/2306
• [3] Zierle-Ghosh A, Jan A. Physiology, Body Mass Index. [Updated 2022 Sep 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535456/
• [4] Banas, Julia, United States LongTerm Trends In Adut Bmi From 1959 To 2018 By Income, Education, And Race/ethnicity. (2021). Public Health Theses. 2020. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ysphtdl/2020
• [5] Kwon YJ, Kwon GE, Lee HS, Choi MH, Lee JW. The Effect of Orlistat on Sterol Metabolism in Obese Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Feb23; 13: 824269. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.824269
• [6] Bansal AB, Al Khalili Y. Orlistat. [Updated 2022 Dec 11]. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542202/
• [7] Hollywood A, Ogden J. Taking Orlistat: Predicting Weight Loss over 6 Months. J Obes. 2011; 2011 :806896
• [8] Ayodeji, A. E., & Aliyu, N. (2018). Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) Hutch. & Dalziel: Ethnomedicinal uses and its therapeutic activities. Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/JOMPED.V2I1.47
• [9] Adejola Yusuf Adewale, Tiamiyu Olubunmi Damilare, Bamibe Tolulope Iwadunni, Ayoola Akeem Ayobami and Apiakason Ejikeme, 2019. Effects of African Walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) Leaf and its Extract on Blood Profiles of Broiler Chickens. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 13: 74-80
• [10] Ekwe, CC and Ijemeje A (2013).Evaluation of physiochemical properties and preservation of african walnut'. International Journal of Academic Research 4(6): 501-507
• [11] Umeyor CE, Dan-Ejih F, Okonkwo AU, Umeyor IC, Attama AA (2022). Profiling the physicochemical and solidstate properties of edible Tetracarpidium conophorum oil and its admixtures for drug delivery. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 58: https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e191133
• [12] Uti DE, Atangwho IJ, Eyong EU, Umoru GU, Egbung GE, Rotimi SO, Nna VU. African Walnuts (Tetracarpidium conophorum) Modulate Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Obesity via Reciprocal Actions on HMG-CoA Reductase and Paraoxonase. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020; 20(3): 365-379. doi: 10.2174/1871530319666190724114729
• [13] Uti DE, Atangwho IJ, Eyong EU, Umoru GU, Egbung GE, Nna VU, Udeozor PA. African walnuts attenuate ectopic fat accumulation and associated peroxidation and oxidative stress in monosodium glutamate-obese Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Apr;124:109879. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109879
• [14] Ajilore, B.S., Olorunnisola, O.S. & Owoade, A.O. Tetracarpidium conophorum seed extract reduces intestinal absorption, and increases cellular trapping of glucose. Bull Natl Res Cent 45, 115 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00574-2
• [15] A. Al Abdrabalnabi et al., Effects of Supplementing the Usual Diet with a Daily Dose of Walnuts for Two Years on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in an Elderly Cohort, Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 451, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.3390/nu12020451
• [16] Nkwonta Chikere Godwin. (2021). Biochemical and biomedical studies on African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum -Mull. Arg.) – a postharvest perspective Cranfield University
• [17] Kanu, A M., Kalu, E. J and Okorie A. C (2015). Nutritional and health values of African walnut'. Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 4(09): 215- 218
• [18] Oke, OS, Oyaniyi T, Adewumi OT, Bamigboye OT, Lawah MO, Jatto KA, Adara CT, Marizu JT, Ogunbela AA. Economic Nutritional and Medicinal Values of African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) in Nigeria (Hutch. & Dalziel): a review. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environmen, 12(2) (2020).
• [19] Osuoha JO, Nwaichi EO (2019). Chemical composition of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African Walnut) seeds grown in Nigeria. Acad. J. Sci. Res. 7(2): 147-154.
• [20] Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022; 387(3): 205-216. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2206038.
• [21] VisariaA, SetoguchS (2023). Body mass index and all-cause mortality in a 21st century U.S. Populaton: A National Health Interview Survey analysis. PLoS ONE 18(7): e0287218. https://doi.org/10.1371/journalpone.0287218

• Document Type: article