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2010 | 6 | 2 | 85-91

Article title

Nieswoista nadreaktywność oskrzeli w diagnostyce astmy dziecięcej

Content

Title variants

EN
Nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness in diagnosis of childhood asthma

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EN PL

Abstracts

EN
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) that reflects a tendency for airway to over-narrow in response to various nonspecific and specific provocative stimuli, is closely associated with childhood asthma. It occurs in all children with current wheezing. Although BHR first of all is a cardinal feature in asthma a significant proportion of individuals with other allergic and nonallergic respiratory disease also show an increased airway response to histamine, methacholine or to physical agents such as exercise. It is present even in young adults with “outgrown” childhood asthma and total symptoms remission. BHR is known to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and may be used in confirming the diagnosis of disease which is difficult to establish in its absence. Nonspecific BHR is related to the severity and outcome of asthma, and thus is being recognized as a clinical endpoint for therapeutic intervention. Asymptomatic BHR is shown to be also a risk factor in the development of asthma. BHR measurement, especially to direct stimuli is widely available, well-standardized and easy to perform. The sensitivity of these tests in the diagnosis of clinically significant asthma is excellent, but they are characterized by low specificity. When assessed for agents that act indirectly by stimulating the release of inflammatory mediators or by neural pathways BHR is more specific for asthma and has bigger discriminative properties. The paper presents an overview on current knowledge of the nonspecific BHR prevalence in children and its usefulness to diagnose and monitor of treatment in childhood asthma. It include the answers on questions: 1) Why BHR is sometimes asymptomatic? 2) When and how best to measure BHR in children?
PL
Nadreaktywność oskrzeli (NO), która odzwierciedla skłonność dróg oddechowych do nadmiernego skurczu w odpowiedzi na różne nieswoiste i swoiste czynniki prowokacyjne, jest ściśle związana z astmą dziecięcą. Występuje u wszystkich dzieci, u których stwierdza się świszczący oddech. Chociaż NO jest przede wszystkim zasadniczą cechą astmy, znaczna część chorych również z innymi alergicznymi i niealergicznymi chorobami układu oddechowego wykazuje zwiększoną odpowiedź oskrzeli na histaminę, metacholinę lub bodźce fizyczne, takie jak wysiłek. Jest ona obecna również u młodych dorosłych osób z całkowitą remisją objawów, którzy „wyrośli” z astmy dziecięcej. Wiadomo, że NO odgrywa zasadniczą rolę w patogenezie astmy i może być wykorzystywana do potwierdzenia rozpoznania choroby, które przy nieobecności NO jest trudne do ustalenia. Nieswoista NO wiąże się z ciężkością i wynikiem przebiegu astmy, a tym samym uznawana jest za końcowy cel działań leczniczych. Wykazano, że bezobjawowa NO stanowi również czynnik ryzyka rozwoju astmy. Pomiar NO, zwłaszcza na bodźce bezpośrednie, jest powszechnie dostępny, dobrze wystandaryzowany i łatwy do wykonania. O ile czułość tych badań w rozpoznawaniu klinicznie istotnej astmy jest bardzo wysoka, o tyle cechuje je mała swoistość. NO oceniana dla czynników działających pośrednio poprzez pobudzanie uwalniania zapalnych mediatorów lub zakończeń nerwowych jest bardziej charakterystyczna dla astmy i ma większe właściwości różnicujące. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd aktualnej wiedzy na temat występowania nieswoistej NO u dzieci i jej przydatności w rozpoznawaniu i monitorowaniu leczenia astmy. Zawiera odpowiedzi na pytania: 1) Dlaczego NO jest czasem bezobjawowa? 2) Kiedy i jak najlepiej mierzyć NO u dzieci?

Discipline

Year

Volume

6

Issue

2

Pages

85-91

Physical description

Contributors

  • Klinika Pneumonologii i Alergologii KPiA Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Paweł Górski
  • Klinika Pneumonologii i Alergologii KPiA Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Paweł Górski
  • Klinika Pneumonologii i Alergologii KPiA Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Paweł Górski

References

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Document Type

article

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YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-184fdf44-c330-4147-9ed3-c29f4178835c
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