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2016 | 12 | 1 | 28–41

Article title

Odpowiedzi gastroenterologa i reumatologa na pytania lekarzy POZ dotyczące stosowania niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych

Content

Title variants

EN
A gastroenterologist and a rheumatologist answer the questions on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs raised by primary care physicians

Languages of publication

EN PL

Abstracts

EN
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are drugs of choice for chronic pain, which is most common in chronic conditions, rheumatism in particular. According to current recommendations, these medications should be used continuously or intermittently, and their choice should be tailored to each patient. Unfortunately, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have multiple adverse effects ranging from the most insignificant dyspepsia to severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, gastroscopy and, in the case of confirmed Helicobacter pylori infection, eradication is advisable for planned long-term treatment with these agents. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is recommended in rheumatic patients chronically receiving non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) combined with proton pump inhibitor should be administered in patients at high risk of gastrointestinal complications. In rheumatic patients, the type of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and the route of its administration should be tailored to each patient in terms of strength and duration of drug action, the type of disease and comorbidities as well as contraindications. Adverse gastrointestinal effects are due to the mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and therefore independent of the route of administration. The use of proton pump inhibitors with cardioprotective doses of aspirin should be limited to patients with risk factors for gastrointestinal complications. High non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug doses are limited to gout attack, acute pain and axial spondyloarthropathy showing high clinical activity. In other cases, the lowest effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug dose is recommended. Advancing age is characterised by impairment in the function of all organs, therefore elderly patients should receive lower non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug doses. Concomitant use of two or more non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatic diseases is not recommended. According to the latest recommendations, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be combined with paracetamol and medicinal products with different mechanisms of action.
PL
Niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne są lekami z wyboru w leczeniu bólu przewlekłego, który najczęściej występuje w chorobach przewlekłych, a zwłaszcza reumatycznych. Zgodnie z obowiązującymi rekomendacjami leki te powinny być stosowane w sposób ciągły lub z przerwami, a ich dobór powinien być indywidualny dla każdego pacjenta. Niestety, wywołują one szereg działań niepożądanych – od najbardziej błahych dyspepsji do ciężkiego krwotoku z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego. Wobec powyższego w przypadku planowanego długotrwałego leczenia tymi lekami wskazane jest wykonanie gastroskopii, a w razie potwierdzenia infekcji Helicobacter pylori – eradykacji. W chorobach reumatycznych przy przewlekłym przyjmowaniu nieselektywnych niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych zaleca się stosowanie przewlekle inhibitora pompy protonowej, a u chorych z wysokim ryzykiem powikłań ze strony przewodu pokarmowego – celekoksybu (selektywny inhibitor COX-2) wraz z inhibitorem pompy protonowej. W chorobie reumatycznej niesteroidowy lek przeciwzapalny oraz jego droga podania powinny być dobierane indywidualnie dla każdego pacjenta pod kątem siły i czasu działania leku, rodzaju choroby oraz schorzeń współistniejących i ewentualnych przeciwwskazań. Objawy niepożądane ze strony przewodu pokarmowego są wynikiem mechanizmu działania niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych, a te są niezależne od drogi ich podania. Stosowanie inhibitora pompy protonowej przy zażywaniu tylko kardioprotekcyjnych dawek aspiryny powinno być ograniczone do chorych, u których występują czynniki ryzyka powikłań ze strony przewodu pokarmowego. Stosowanie dużych dawek niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych jest ograniczone do przerwania ataku dny moczanowej, ostrego bólu oraz spondyloartropatii osiowej o dużej aktywności klinicznej. W pozostałych przypadkach zaleca się najmniejszą skuteczną dawkę niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych. Z wiekiem dochodzi do upośledzenia funkcji wszystkich narządów w ustroju, w związku z czym u osób w wieku podeszłym stosowane dawki niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych powinny być niższe. Nie zaleca się jednoczesnego stosowania dwóch lub więcej niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych w chorobach reumatycznych. Według najnowszej rekomendacji leki te można łączyć z paracetamolem i z lekami o innym mechanizmie działania.

Discipline

Year

Volume

12

Issue

1

Pages

28–41

Physical description

Contributors

  • Klinika Gastroenterologii, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska. Kierownik Kliniki: prof. dr hab. n. med. Jerzy Gil
author
  • Klinika Gastroenterologii, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska. Kierownik Kliniki: prof. dr hab. n. med. Jerzy Gil
  • Klinika Wczesnego Zapalenia Stawów, Narodowy Instytut Geriatrii, Reumatologii i Rehabilitacji im. prof. dr hab. med. Eleonory Reicher, Warszawa, Polska. Kierownik Kliniki: prof. nadzw. dr hab. n. med. Brygida Kwiatkowska

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Document Type

review

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-0ae25b13-951d-4869-bca0-0c4971da05c7
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