Full-text resources of PSJD and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


Preferences help
enabled [disable] Abstract
Number of results
2017 | 18 | 2 | 77-87

Article title

EFFECT OF REPEATED COLD WATER SWIMMING EXERCISE ON ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT IN OLDER RATS

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
The aim of this study was verification whether an 8-week-long swimming exercise training would induce adaptive changes in body weight in rats and whether possible changes would depend on aquatic environment temperature and animal sex. The exercisetrained groups swam 4 minutes a day, five days a week during eight week of housing. Exercise was performed by swimming in glass tanks containing tap water maintained according to group at 5 ±2°C (cold group) and 36 ±2°C (thermal neutral group). Before and after each week of the experiment, rats were weighed. When comparing the nature of changes in the body weight of rats exposed to swimming exercise training in cold water, attention should be paid to their dependence on sex. There were statistically significant changes in the nature of changes in body weight between male rats and female rats of the cold group (5°C) as early as experimental week 2 until the end of the experiment (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the females exposed to swimming exercise training at 5°C were the only group in which an increase in body weight occurred during experimental week 8 in relation to baseline values.

Contributors

  • Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine with English Language Teaching Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
  • Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland

References

  • Adams, T., Heberling, E.J. (1958). Human physiological responses to a standardized cold stress as modified by physical fitness. J Appl Physiol., 13 (2), 226–230.
  • Agrawal, A., Jaggi, A.S., Singh, N. (2011). Pharmacological investigations on adaptation in rats subjected to cold water immersion stress. Physiol Behav, 103, 321–329.
  • Akhalaya, M.Y., Platonov, A.G., Baizhumanov, A.A. (2006). Short-term cold exposure improves antioxidant status and general resistance of animals. Bull Exp Biol Med, 141, 26–29.
  • Arnold, J., Richard, D. (1987). Exercise during intermittent cold exposure prevents acclimation to cold rats. J. Physiol., 390, 45–54.
  • Benarroch, E.E. (2007). Thermoregulation: recentconcepts and remainingquestions. Neurology, 69, 1293–1297.
  • Berger, M., Kemmer, F.W., Becker, K., Herberg, L., Schwenen, M., Gjinavci, A., Berchtold, P. (1979). Effect of physical training on glucose tolerance and on glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle in anaesthetized normal rats. Diabetologia, 16, 179–184.
  • Block, B.A. (1994). Thermogenesis in muscle. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 56, 535–577.
  • Cannon, B., Nedergaard, J. (2004). Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol Rev, 84, 277–359.
  • Chukroun, M.L., Varene, P. (1990). Adjustments in oxygen transport during head-out immersion in water at different temperatures. J Appl Physiol, 68, 1475–1480.
  • Cunningham, D.J., Stolwijk, J.A., Wenger, C.B. (1978). Comparative thermoregulatory responses of resting men and women. J Appl Physiol, 45, 908–915.
  • Davies, K.J., Packer, L., Brooks, G.A. (1987). Biochemical adaptation of mitochondria, muscle, and whole-animal respiration to endurance training. Arch Biochem Biophys, 209, 539–554.
  • Ernest, S.K.M. (2005). Body size, energy use, and community structure of small mammals. Ecology, 86 (6), 1407–1413.
  • Foster, D.O., Frydman, M.I. (1978). Non-shivering thermogenesis in the rat. II. Measurements of blood flow with microspheres point to brown adipose tissue as the dominant site of the calorigenesis induced by noradrenaline. Can. J. Physiol. Pharm., 56, 110–122.
  • Gunduz, B. (2002). Effects of photoperiod and temperature on growth and reproductive organ mass in adult male Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguicu-latus. Turk. J. Biol., 26, 77–82.
  • Hoffman-Goetz, L., German, E. (1986). Cold acclimation and exercise as modulators of age associated hypothermia in mice. In: K. Cooper, P. Lomax, E. Schonbaum, W.L. Veale (eds.), Homeostasis and Thermal Stress, 6th International Symposium on the Pharmacology of Thermoregulation (pp. 46–48). Jasper, Alta: Karger.
  • Janský, L., Haddad, G., Pospísilová, D., Dvorák, P. (1986). Effect of external factors on gonadal activity and body mass of male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus Auratus). J. Comp. Physiol. B, 156, 717–725.
  • Keatinge, W.R. (1961). The effect of work and clothing on the maintenance of the body temperature in water. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci, 46, 69–82.
  • Khokhlova, I., Krasnov, B.R., Shenbrot, G.I., Degen, A.A. (2000). Body mass and environment: a study in Negev rodents. Israel J. Zool., 46, 1–13.
  • Klaus, S., Heldmaier, G., Ricquier, D. (1988). Seasonal acclimation of bank voles and thermogenic properties of brown adipose tissue mitochondria. J. Comp. Physiol. B, 158, 157–164.
  • Knopper, L.D., Boily, P. (2000). The energy budget of captive Siberian hamsters Phodopus sungorus exposed to photoperiod changes: mass loss is caused by a voluntary decrease in food intake. Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 73 (4), 517–522.
  • Kolettis, T.M., Kolettis, M. (2003). Winter swimming: healthy or hazardous? Evidence and hypotheses. Med Hypotheses, 61, 654–656.
  • Konarzewski, M., Diamon, J. (1994). Peak sustained metabolic rate in cold-stressed mice. Physiol. Zool., 67, 1186–1212.
  • Kozak, L.P., Harper, M.E. (2000). Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in energy expenditure. Annu Rev Nutr, 20, 339–363.
  • Kräuchi, K., Fontana Gasio, P., Vollenweider, S., Von Arb, M., Dubler, B., Orgül, S., Flammer, J., Zemp Stutz, E. (2008). Cold extremities and difficulties initiating sleep: evidence of co-morbidity from a random sample of a Swiss urban population. J Sleep Res, 17, 420–426.
  • Krebs, H.A. (1950). Body size and tissue respiration. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 4, 249–269.
  • Lubkowska, A., Banfi, G., Dołegowska, B., d’Eril, G.V., Łuczak, J., Barassi, A. (2010a). Changes in lipid profile in response to three different protocols of whole-body cryostimulation treatments. Cryobiology, 61 (1), 22–26.
  • Lubkowska, A., Szygula, Z., Klimek, A.J., Torii, M. (2010b). Do sessions of cryostimulation have influence on white blood cell count, level of IL6 and total oxidative and antioxidative status in healthy men? Eur J Appl Physiol, 109 (1), 67–72.
  • Lubkowska, A., Dołęgowska, B., Szyguła, Z. (2012). Whole-Body Cryostimulation – Potential Beneficial Treatment for Improving Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Men – Significance of the Number of Sessions. PLoS ONE, 7 (10), e46352.
  • Lubkowska, A., Dołęgowska, B., Szyguła, Z., Bryczkowska, I., Stańczyk-Dunaj, M., Sałata, D., Budkowska, M. (2013). Winter-swimming as a building-up body resistance factor inducing adaptive changes in the oxidant/antioxidant status. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 73 (4), 315–325.
  • McDevitt, R.M., Speakman, J.R. (1994). Central limits to sustainablemetabolic rate have no role in cold-acclimation of the shorttailedfield vole (Microtus agrestis). Physiol. Zool., 67 (5), 1117–1139.
  • Mercer, S.W., Trayhurn, P. (1984). The development of insulin resistance in brown adipose tissue may impair the acute cold-induced activation of thermogenesis in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. Bioscience Reports, 4, 933–940.
  • Mondon, C.E., Dolkas, C.B., Reaven, G.M. (1980). Site of enhanced insulin sensitivity in exercise-trained rats at rest. American Journal of Physiology, 239, 169–177.
  • Moran, D.S., Menda, l.L. (2002). Core temperature measurement: methods and current insights. Sports Med, 32, 879–885.
  • Mozaffarieh, M., Gasio, P.F., Schötzau, A., Orgül, S., Flammer, J., Kräuchi, K. (2010). Thermal discomfort with cold extremities in relation to age, gender, and body mass index in a random sample of a Swiss urban population. Population Health Metrics, 8 (1), 17. DOI: 10.1186/1478-7954-8-17.
  • Nagy, T.R., Negus, N.C. (1993). Energy acquisition and allocation in male collared lemmings Dicrostonyx greenlandicus: effects of photoperiod, temperature, and diet quality. Physiol. Zool., 66 (4), 537–560.
  • Powell, C.S., Blaylock, M.L., Wang, R., Hunter, H.L., Tohanning, G.L., Nagy, T.R. (2002). Effects of energy expenditure and UCPI on photoperiod induced weight gain in collared lemmings. Obesity Res., 10 (6), 541–550.
  • Richard, D., Arnold, J., Lleblanc, J. (1986). Energy balance in exercise-trained rats acclimated at two environmental temperatures. Journal of Applied Physiology, 60, 1054–1059.
  • Richard, D., Picard, F. (2011). Brown fat biology and thermogenesis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 16, 1233–1260.
  • Sellers, E., Scott, J., Thomas, N. (1954). Electrical activity of skeletal muscle of normal and acclimatized rats on exposure to cold. Am. J. Physiol., 177, 372–376.
  • Shepard, R.J. (1985). Adaptation to Exercise in the Cold. Sports Medicine, 2 (1), 59–71.
  • Seebacher, F., Glanville, E.J. (2010). Low Levels of Physical Activity Increase Metabolic Responsiveness to Cold in a Rat (Rattus fuscipes). PLoS ONE, 5 (9), e0013022.
  • Smith, R.E., Roberts, J.C. (1964). Thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated rats. American Journal of Physiology, 206, 143–148.
  • Speakman, J.R., Ergon, T., Cavanagh, R., Reid, K., Scantlebury, D.M., Lambin, X. (2003). Rest and daily energy expenditures of freeliving field voles are positively correlated but reflect extrinsic rather than intrinsic effects. PNAS, 100 (24), 14057–14062.
  • Stevens, G.H., Graham, T.E., Wilson, B.A. (1987). Gender differences in cardiovascular and metabolic responses to cold and exercise. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 65, 165–171.
  • Straburzyńska-Lupa, A., Straburzyński G. (2008). Hydrotherapy. In: A. Siedlecka (ed.), Physiotherapy with elements of clinical vol. 1 (pp. 86–271). Warszawa: PZWL.
  • Swanson, D.L. (2001). Are summit metabolism and thermogenic endurance correlated in winter-acclimatized passerine birds? Comp. Physiol. B, 171, 475–481.
  • Teległów, A., Bilski, J., Marchewka, A., Głodzik, J., Jaśkiewicz, J., Staszek, P. (2008). Characteristics of the body’s response to exercise in cold water. Medicina Sportiva Practica, 9 (4), 66–72.
  • Tsopanakis, C., Tesserommatis, C. (1991). Cold swimming stress: Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and LCAT activity in male and female rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 38 (4), 813–816.
  • Veicsteinas, A., Ferretti, G., Rennie, D.W. (1982). Superficial shell insulation in resting and exercising men in cold water. J Appl Physiol, 52, 1557–1564.
  • Villarin, J.J., Schaeffer, P.J., Markle, R.A., Lindstedt, S.L. (2003). Chronic cold exposure increases liver oxidative capacity in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol., 136 (3), 621–30.
  • Voltura, M.B., Wunder, A. (1998). Effects of ambient temperature, diet quality, and food restriction on body composition dynamics of the prairie vole Microtus ochrogaster. Physiol. Zool., 71 (3), 321–328.
  • Wagner, J.A., Horvath, S.M. (1985). Influences of age and gender on human thermoregulatory responses to cold exposures. J Appl Physiol, 58, 180–186.
  • Wang, D.H., Wang, Z.W. (1990). Seasonal changes of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in Plateau Pikas (Ochotna curzoniae) and Root Voles (Microtus oeconomus). Acta Theriologica Sinica., 10, 40–53.
  • Wang, Y.S., Wang, Z.W., Wang, D.H. (2001). Effects of temperature and photoperiod on maximum metabolic rates in plateau pikas and root voles. Zool. Res., 22 (3), 200–204.
  • Wiesinger, H., Heldmaier, G., Buchberger, A. (1989). Effect of photoperiod and acclimation on nonshivering thermogenesis and GDPbinding of brown fat mitochondria in Djungarian hamster, Phodopus s. sungorus. Eur. J. Physiol., 413, 667–672.
  • William, D., McArdle, W.D., Toner, M.M., Magel, J.R., Spina, R.J., Pandolf, K.B. (1992). Thermal responses of men and women during cold-water immersion: influence of exercise intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol, 65, 265–270.
  • Wilmore, J.H., Costill, D.L. (2008). Exercise in hot and cold environments: Thermoregulation. In: J.H. Wilmore, D.L. Costill, W.L. Kenney (eds.), Physiology of Sports and Exercise (pp. 52–277). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Wyndham, C.H., Morrison, J.F., Williams, C.G., Bredell, G.A.G., Peter, M.J.E., Von Rahden, M.J.E., Holdsworth, L.D., Van Graan, C.H., Van Rensburg, A.J., Munro, A. (1964). Physiological Reactions To Cold Of Caucasian Females. J Appl Physiol, 19, 877–880.

Document Type

article

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.psjd-026a0ae2-6cea-4280-82bc-91510122a211
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.