Idiopathic macular hole - literature review

• Authors: Agata Niedzielska-Krycia , Karol Krycia , Joanna Dereń-Szumełda , Aleksandra Górska , Sebastian Sirek , Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska

Abstracts

EN

Full-thickness idiopathic macular hole (MH) is a common cause of visual loss, affecting 3 per 1000 people. It usually affects females in their sixth to eighth decades of life. Best Visual Acuity decreases to less than 0.5. A typical MH’s symptom is the pincushion metamorphopsia, where the shape of an observed object is enrolled inwards and lines are bowed towards the center, in the direction of the fixation point. Over the years many theories of MH formation have been revealed. A recently approved theory states that vitreomacular adhesion with focal contraction of the perifoveal cheloid and pathologic traction can lead to a loss of full-thickness central retina causing a MH. The most valuable diagnostic procedure for MH is optical coherence tomography. Among other useful examinations are fluorescein angiography and angio-OCT. Classification of the stages of development of MH is done with an anatomical Gass classification and the recent The International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group Classification of Vitreomacular Adhesion, Traction, and MH. Natural history of the MH differs in the early and advanced stages. Pharmacological vitreolysis with ocriplasmin is used in the treatment of the disease. The most effective therapy is the posterior pars plana vitrectomy. Dye and peeling of the internal limiting membrane helps to achieve the closure of the MH and the good visual acuity.

Keywords

EN

full-thickness MH; natural history; genesis theory; classification; treatment

• Publisher: Medical Education
• Journal: OphthaTherapy
• Year: 2024
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 119-126

Dates

published

2024

Contributors

author

Agata Niedzielska-Krycia

• Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice

• https://orcid.org/0000000309289077

author

Karol Krycia

• Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice

author

Joanna Dereń-Szumełda

• Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw

• https://orcid.org/0000000198583256

author

Aleksandra Górska

• Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice
• Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice

• https://orcid.org/0000000268515065

author

Sebastian Sirek

• Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice
• Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice

• https://orcid.org/0000000231383011

author

Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska

• Department of Ophthalmology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice
• Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice

• https://orcid.org/0000000153363460

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Identifiers

DOI

10.24292/01.OT.210524

Biblioteka Nauki

61650494